Essay on Mezzanine Finance Explained - 1794 Words

Mezzanine Finance by Corry Silbernagel Davis Vaitkunas Bond Capital With a supplement by Ian Giddy Mezzanine Debt--Another Level To Consider Mezzanine debt is used by companies that are cash flow positive to fund: further growth through expansion projects; acquisitions; recapitalizations; and, management and leveraged buyouts. When mezzanine debt is used in conjunction with senior debt it reduces the amount of equity required in the business. As equity is the most expensive form of capital, it is most cost effective to create a capital structure that secures the most funding, offers the lowest cost of capital, and maximizes return on equity. Mezzanine debt has been around for over 30 years, however its use in Western Canada and the†¦show more content†¦Although it makes up a portion of a companys total available capital, mezzanine financing is critical to growing companies and in succession planning in recent years. The gap in funding between senior debt and equity is common for the following reasons: 1) accounts receivable, inventories and fixed assets are being discounted at greater rates than in the past for f ear that their values will not be realized in the future; 2) many balance sheets now contain significant intangible assets, and, 3) as a result of defaults and regulatory pressure, banks have placed ceilings on the amount of total debt a company can obtain. While additional liquidity can be obtained from equity investors, equity is the most expensive source of capital. Further, equity capital, by its nature, dilutes existing shareholders. As a result, mezzanine debt can be an attractive alternative way to obtain much needed capital. Capital Structures While there are no hard and fast rules for optimizing a company’s capital structure, companies that are ahead of the curve use an efficient combination of senior debt, mezzanine debt, and equity capital to minimize their true cost of capital. COMPANIES WITH EFFICIENT CAPITAL STRUCTURES EMPLOY A NUMBER OF CAPITAL SOURCES Expected Returns (%) Typical Private Equity Structure (% of total Assets) Senior Debt and Asset Backed (Stretch) Lending 30% - 60% 5% - 12% Mezzanine 20% - 30%Show MoreRelatedThe Debt And Credit Crisis2495 Words   |  10 Pagesback to the industrialization period in the United States where business and finance developed together (Cioffi, Lecture 10/21/14). Finance and industry cooperated with each other, as banks invested in business and provided the capital needed for the industrial sector to develop (Cioffi, Lecture 10/21/14). Finance and industry became codependent on each other to thrive and progress. Consequently, a system grew where finance became the major player behind every aspect of American political economy.Read MoreFinancial Crisis Of The Brc Economies2217 Words   |  9 Pages(from the MBS) were known as Collateralized Debt Obligation (CDO), and were offered by the SPE. The CDO would be split into 3 tranches (equity, mezzanine, and senior), and assigned a rating by rating agencies based on the creditworthiness of the borrower. If the SPE collapsed, the senior tranche would have precedence of their recove ry of assets over the mezzanine and equity tranche. The senior tranche has the highest price, but the lowest risk of default, while the equity tranche has the highest returnRead MoreCorporate Business Finance 7343 Words   |  30 PagesCorporate Business Finance Seminar 5 Project Finance Lauren Leigh Essaram 207507339 Ruvimbo Mukorera 206525531 27 September 2010 Submitted in partial fulfilment of the duly performed requirement of International Business Finance, School of Economics and Finance, University of KwaZulu-Natal Abstract Non-recourse financing has grown in popularity, especially in developing countries. It has done so more specifically in the basic infrastructure, natural resources and also in the energyRead MoreSubprime Mortgage Crisis - a Case Study on Morgan Stanley4048 Words   |  17 Pagesmain slices called senior (low risk), mezzanine (middle risk) and equity (high risk) tranches as shown. Figure 2: A typical CDO tranching structure The division of CDO into various different tranches indicates the sequential allocation of the underlying assets’ default risk. And since higher risks generate higher returns, the equity tranche will receive the highestreturn to compensate for taking on the highest default risk, as compared to the senior or mezzanine tranches. However, when things go wrongRead More2008 Financial Crisis - Lehman Brothers, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac3431 Words   |  14 Pagescentral banks tried to pump in large amounts of liquidity into the global financial system. On 7th September 2008, James B. Lockhart III (2008) announced the decision to place Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac into conservatorship run by the Federal Housing Finance Agency. On 15th September 2008, Lehman Brothers filed for bankruptcy, which caused a series of drastic changes in the stock market. The subprime mortgage meltdown in the US created an economic tsunami that effectively froze the world’s credit marketsRead MoreSeag ate Buyout8389 Words   |  34 Pagescan issue their shares to shareholders without causing tax implications (Mintz). Unfortunately, as it states in an article by S. L. Mintz in CFO Magazine, VERITAS was not interested in venturing into the disk drive industry. The CFO of VERITAS explained that he thought it would be a distraction from their software business. Horizontal merger or buyout The presenting group mentioned a merger as an option to address Seagate’s low stock price, but they never elaborated on benefits or problematicRead MoreMix of Debt and Equity6786 Words   |  28 Pages a) Definition Classifications of Equity Financing 16 b) Advantages of Equity Financing 18 c) Disadvantages of Equity Financing 19 3. The mixture of Debt and Equity 20 a) Definition 20 b) Why do virtually all companies choose to finance themselves by the mixture of debt and equity? 22 c) What factors can affect the ratio of debt and equity of a company? 22 d) Optimal Level of Debt-to-Equity 24 V. CONCLUSION 27 I. ABSTRACT In the age of Globalization and specially globalizedRead MoreThe Aig Bailout22345 Words   |  90 Pagespublic/_files/KohnStmtMarch52009.pdf. 2. Press Release, American International Group, Inc., AIG Reports Full Year and Fourth Quarter 2007 Results (Feb. 28, 2008), available at http://idea.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/5272 /000095012308002282/y50505exv99w1.htm. 3. Yahoo! Finance, AIG: Historical Prices for American International Group, Inc., http://finance.yahoo.com/q/hp?s=AIG (last visited Sept. 29, 2009) (on file with the Washington and Lee Law Review). THE AIG BAILOUT 945 loan.4 Government aid has since grownRead More Biography of Joseph Patrick Kennedy Essay3933 Words   |  16 Pagesfinancial genius all right, but in politics, he is something else.† Kennedy distanced himself from his son during the period prior to and during the nomination process, and did not return to Massachusetts until the election took place. His wife, Rose explained: â€Å"He has been a controversial figure all of his life and he thinks it’s easier for his sons if he doesn’t appear on the scene.† Jack Kennedy won the presidential election in 1960, fulfilling his father’s dream. But Kennedy’s reaction was modest:Read MoreDarden Mba Resumes16768 Words   |  68 PagesEDUCATION Darden Graduate School of Business Administration University of Virginia Candidate for Master of Business Administration, May 2011 ï‚ · Awarded Batten Innovation Scholarship (merit-based full tuition scholarship); ï‚ · GMAT: 730; AWA: 5.5 ï‚ · Member of F inance Club, Energy Club and Darden Capital Management Club Charlottesville, VA Nanyang Technological University Singapore Bachelor of Engineering (Computer Engineering) and Minor in Business, June 2006 ï‚ · Awarded full scholarship (among top 50 from over

Education For Hispanic Caregivers On The Lack Of Quality...

Introduction Purpose of Curriculum The purpose of this curriculum is to enhance the appropriate education for Hispanic caregivers on the lack of quality care and the services that are provided for individual that are diagnosed with a mental health illness. Hispanic caregivers engage in a major part of these individuals by supporting, helping, and encouraging them to move forward in life. However, due to the deficiency of understanding the individual’s Mental health illness can also be a contributor to the process of acquiring services. Additionally, the services need to also be relevant to their cultural background needs. Social workers within the Mental health system will provide this training to enhance Hispanic caregivers by giving them a better insight on, advocacy, support, and values toward mental health services. This training curriculum will include the defining of language barriers Hispanic caregivers encounter, the assistance to provide the appropriate services for their culture, the understanding of stigma within their society, and an overview of the individual’s confidentiality that is stated in the NASW’s code of ethics for reassurance of their privacy. Rational for Curriculum The rationale for this curriculum is to increase the development to educate Hispanic caregivers on understanding of the appropriate services that are available in respect to the individual’s mental illness. Hispanic caregivers in particular find it difficult to access services becauseShow MoreRelatedThe Prevalence Of Overweight / Obesity1616 Words   |  7 Pageschildren. One related it to the low socioeconomic status of the caregivers (SEP) and this study/research was conducted in Pitt County, North Carolina. 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The feeling of intimidation can be a relevant when concerns and topics of the overall health care and diagnosis is discussed. Not only can the parents feel intimidated, but there can also be an added lan guage barrier. When the family has a difficult time speaking English

Free Hamlets The Foils in Hamlet Hamlet ess Essay Example For Students

Free Hamlets: The Foils in Hamlet Hamlet ess Essay aysFoils in Hamlet A foil is a minor character that helps the audience better understand a major character. A foil may exist as a comparison character, with similarities between the two, as well as differences that bring to light an important contrast between the foil and the main character. A foil may also just be someone for the main character to talk to, so we can know and understand their thoughts and feelings. Foils help us understand the obvious as well as the arcane. In the classic tragedy Hamlet, we see William Shakespeare employ foils to illustrate both examples. They become important literary tools that help the reader rationalize the concurrent theme of the play deceit. Of the four young men who occupy a place in the life of Hamlet, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern appear, at least initially, to be his closest friends. They are schoolmates at Wittenburg, and Hamlet greets them both amicably, remarking, My excellent good friends! How dost thou,. . Queen Gertrude affirms the status of their relationship when she says, And sure I am two men there is not living to whom he more adheres. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are unaware, however, of the real story behind the death of Hamlets Father. They do not have the benefit of seeing his ghost, as Hamlet has. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are very loyal to the new King. Unlike Hamlet, they initially have no reason not to trust Claudius. But they become unwitting and unknowing pawns for both factions. Their relationship with Hamlet begins to sour. Hamlet realizes what the King is up to, and he becomes distrustful of the two. Sblood, do you think I am easier to be played on than a pipe?, Hamlet remarks in disgust. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern never address Hamlet in such a disrespectful tone, despite the change in their relationship. In the end, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are naively loyal to Hamlet, and this becomes their downfall. They know that Hamlet has killed Polonius, and yet, they take no precautions as they accompany Hamlet to England. Their trust in both Claudius and Hamlet gets them killed. Hamlets reveals his mistrust of his schoolmates in a conversation with his mother, and refers to Rosencrantz and Guildenstern as, .. .my two-school fellows, whom I will trust as adders fanged Hamlets friendship with his third colleague from this group is much different compared to that of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. Horatio, also a classmate at Wittenburg, does not appear initially to occupy the same social status as did the former two. He addresses Hamlet and says, The same, my lord, and your poor servant ever. So Horatio may be from a lower social-economic class. Like Hamlet, he sees a ghost, but is not sure that the ghost was the king, as he admits to only seeing the king once before, another argument for Horatios unfamiliarity with the royal family. Horatios most important role as a foil does not become evident until the end of the play. His conversation with Hamlet just before the fatal duel with Laertes provides us with an insight into Hamlets state of mind. Horatio advises Hamlet to back down if he does not like the circumstances, and Horatio will attest to Hamlets not being fit. Hamlet will not allow this, and in fact expects that he will lose his life in this battle with Laertes. It is Horatio for whom Hamlet cries out when he realizes that he has been poisoned. Horatio attempts to drink from the cup also, but Hamlet prevents him from doing so. His final request to Horatio is that he tell this story to all. .u41e84ca80a545850d997921de2e3f6ea , .u41e84ca80a545850d997921de2e3f6ea .postImageUrl , .u41e84ca80a545850d997921de2e3f6ea .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u41e84ca80a545850d997921de2e3f6ea , .u41e84ca80a545850d997921de2e3f6ea:hover , .u41e84ca80a545850d997921de2e3f6ea:visited , .u41e84ca80a545850d997921de2e3f6ea:active { border:0!important; } .u41e84ca80a545850d997921de2e3f6ea .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u41e84ca80a545850d997921de2e3f6ea { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u41e84ca80a545850d997921de2e3f6ea:active , .u41e84ca80a545850d997921de2e3f6ea:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u41e84ca80a545850d997921de2e3f6ea .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u41e84ca80a545850d997921de2e3f6ea .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u41e84ca80a545850d997921de2e3f6ea .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u41e84ca80a545850d997921de2e3f6ea .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u41e84ca80a545850d997921de2e3f6ea:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u41e84ca80a545850d997921de2e3f6ea .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u41e84ca80a545850d997921de2e3f6ea .u41e84ca80a545850d997921de2e3f6ea-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u41e84ca80a545850d997921de2e3f6ea:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Why Study Economics Essay Horatio has become Hamlets strongest friend and closest ally. It is no coincidence then, that Horatios fate becomes the exact opposite of the ultimatum that fell to Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. No other foil provides a starker contrast in character to Hamlet than does Laertes. It would appear that one of their few common threads lies in the fact that both of their fathers have been murdered. Both seek to avenge these deaths, but it is Laertes who needs no additional motivation. Hamlet does not act until his mother is poisoned accidentally. Laertes is also away at school, but in Paris instead of Wittenburg. Hamlet procrastinates after seeing his fathers ghost. His inability to take immediate action shapes the plot of the story. Indeed, if Hamlet acts quickly, there would be only one act of Hamlet. Laertes, upon hearing of his fathers demise wants swift and fervent justice. Although he is the more impassioned of the two, it is this incisiveness that leads to Laertes demise. He allows himself to be manipulated, enamored by the kings rhetoric. Laertes, suddenly realizing the plot at hand, repents for his killing of Hamlet, true to his character even in the face of death. Hamlet seeks to blame his madness for the death of Polonius, and never admits fault for the fate of his schoolmates. The deaths of Laertes and Hamlet in the final act are a juxtaposition of their respective characters. Throughout the play we are reminded of Hamlets egocentricism, but it is not until this final scene that we can reach this conclusion unequivocally.

Marketing Strategy and Plan Digital Marketing

Question: Discuss about theMarketing Strategy and Planfor Digital Marketing. Answer: Introduction Unlike other clothing brands, Uniqlo does not focus on targeting any particular group of religion of the market. In fact, Uniqlo believes that all the clothing garments are manufactured for every individual. As a result, social media marketing and global website strategy of Uniqlo has created major impact on the USA market. For instance, Uniqlo has developed 13 unique country specific websites to ensure cite design goes easily with the different cultures and values of the global customers (uniqlo.com 2017). Uniqlo has maintained USA website contents extremely clear and to the point so that it can grab the attention of the customers. Moreover, Uniqlo has also provided conscious effort to maximize the impact of social media marketing strategy. As highlighted by Tiago and Verssimo (2014) social marketing strategies of Uniqlo focuses on including different popular platforms including Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and LinkedIn to reach to its potential customers in an appropriate way. More over, Uniqlo has tried to utilize social media presence to describe its culture on the global platform. For that reason, digital marketing content of Uniqlo has consciously focused on avoiding any religious dilemma so that people from all community can able to feel connected with the organization. Presently, Uniqlo has around 57.7K followers on the Twitter platform that establish the fact that social media contents of the organization have able to grab the attention of the global customers (uniqlo.com 2017). Uniqlo has not only focused on providing information related to business perspectives or special offers but also try to include content related to the entire marketing activities of the sector. For instance, Uniqlo has tried to include content that describes the process by which styles and preferences of the people have changed over time. In addition, Uniqlo has also consciously tried to highlight present trends from different geographical locations so that people can capture in-depth information about the fashion trends. As mentioned by Kim and Ko (2012) development of effective plan for the digital marketing concept is extremely crucial. Specifically, as popularity of social media and internet platform is increasing continuously, it can provide business entities the opportunities to get into the head of the potential customers. For that reason, Uniqlo will have to focus on the effective utilization of digital marketing strategies to achieve competitive advantage in the market. Now, Fosdick (2012) have highlighted the fact that organizations will have to focus on the development of content associated with the digital marketing to maximize its impact on the market. For instance, Uniqlo will have to utilize digital marketing concept in such way that can grab the attention of the younger generation. For that reason, Uniqlo needs to utilize different colourful pictures, graphics and videos so that it can grab the attention of the potential customers in an effective way. More importantly, Uniqlo need to u tilize their audience or followers to enhance the quality of the developed content. For instance, Uniqlo can allow people to send different contents related to the organization, which will be published on the social media platform. As per the article by Chaffey and Ellis-Chadwick (2012), organizations need to focus on developing two types of content including descriptive and promotional content to penetrate the market in an effective way. Therefore, Uniqlo will also have to focus on developing descriptive content regarding the organizational aims and objectives so that customers can able to associate with the organization. On the other hand, Uniqlo will also have to focus on developing promotional content, which will include different offers and other facilities so that it can induce people to purchase from the provided clothing products. Moreover, Uniqlo will also have to focus on the distributing perspective of the content to ensure the developed blog or other promotional content has reached to the targeted customers. For that reason, Uniqlo need to include as many social media platforms as possible to reach every segment of the geographical market in an effective way. Whenever the business organizations were struggling to emerge fashionable clothes in the market, the entrance of Uniqlo has changed the overall concept of trendy and fashionable clothes by rendering eye-catching designs at reasonable price. Uniqlo has always focused on changing the traditional fashion concept (Hays, Page and Buhalis 2013). In fact, it had tried to provide completely new designs at extremely cheaper price for grabbing major share of the market. For that reason, it will help the organization to target the teenagers and younger generation in a major way. The business objective of Uniqlo has focused on providing superior quality of clothing garments at comparatively cheaper price. Moreover, business proposition of Uniqlo has consciously tried to cover changing fashion trends of different region to maintain the satisfaction level of the customers at the desired level. Presently, Uniqlo is trying to develop retail outlets in different part of USA and other European region to increase the convenience level the desired order. Now, in order to deliver the developed content at the desired destination, Uniqlo will have to focus on effective utilization of content distribution network (CDN). Uniqlo need to focus on CDN, as it will provide content to the end user with high performance and high availability. Moreover, CDN will allow Uniqlo to include web objects like graphics, text and scripts on the different streamline media and social media platforms. As a result, it will allow Uniqlo to reach to more number of people from all across the globe (Nicholls 2012). In addition, effective utilization of CDN will eventually allow Uniqlo to reduce the cost associated with the digital marketing concepts. As a result, it will help the organization to fulfil all the aims and objectives in an appropriate manner. As opined by Whiting and Williams (2013) proper development of social media strategies has become necessary for the business entities for creating desired impact on the global market. For that reason, Uniqlo will also have to focus developing systematic procedure for creating desired impact on the market. Firstly, social media marketing strategy of Uniqlo will have to focus on the development of clear aims and objectives for gaining the attention of the potential customers. Secondly, Uniqlo will have to focus on the effective utilization of social media audit to understand which section of the market is following the organization. As a result, it will help to identify target market of Uniqlo in an appropriate manner. Moreover, it will also allow Uniqlo to eliminate any type of adverse strategies from the social marketing concept. Thirdly, Uniqlo will have to analyze the kind of social media marketing approach has been initiated by the competitors. This is crucial for developing count er strategies in an effective way. Fourthly, social media marketing plan of Uniqlo will have to focus on evaluating possible alternate opportunities for enhancing the effectiveness of the plan. For that reason, Uniqlo will have to update the entire social media pages continuously for ensuring that maintaining the focus level of the people at the desired order. Fourthly, Uniqlo will have to follow different trends set by the industry leaders to grab the attention of the customers in an effective way (Jrvinen et al. 2012). It will allow Uniqlo to handle present thinking perspectives of the potential customers. Fifthly, Uniqlo will have to focus on formulating editorial calendar and content plan for maximizing the impact on the global market. Finally, Uniqlo will have to evaluate the effectiveness of the present social media marketing strategies on the market. It will help to make specific adjustment with the initiated marketing strategies for enhancing the popularity level in the glob al market. References: Chaffey, D. and Ellis-Chadwick, F., 2012.Digital marketing. Pearson Higher Ed. Fosdick, M.A.G.G.I.E., 2012. The globalization of social media: Consumer relationships with brands evolve in the digital space.Strategic Direction,28(6). Hays, S., Page, S.J. and Buhalis, D., 2013. Social media as a destination marketing tool: its use by national tourism organisations.Current issues in Tourism,16(3), pp.211-239. Jrvinen, J., Tollinen, A., Karjaluoto, H. and Jayawardhena, C., 2012. Digital and social media marketing usage in b2b industrial section.Marketing Management Journal,22(2). Kim, A.J. and Ko, E., 2012. Do social media marketing activities enhance customer equity? An empirical study of luxury fashion brand.Journal of Business Research,65(10), pp.1480-1486. Nicholls, J., 2012. Everyday, everywhere: alcohol marketing and social mediacurrent trends.Alcohol and Alcoholism,47(4), pp.486-493. Tiago, M.T.P.M.B. and Verssimo, J.M.C., 2014. Digital marketing and social media: Why bother?.Business Horizons,57(6), pp.703-708. uniqlo.com, 2017. Women's, Men's and Kids' Clothing and Accessories | UNIQLO US. [online] Uniqlo.com. Available at: https://www.uniqlo.com [Accessed 31 Jan. 2017]. Whiting, A. and Williams, D., 2013. Why people use social media: a uses and gratifications approach.Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal,16(4), pp.362-369.