Morality of a Foreign Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

righteousness of a Foreign Policy - Essay Examplesecuring the good of the community and not benefitting the individual fr bition of the society.Morality is derived from a Latin word mores, that means custom, habit or a way of life. For an minute to be moral, there are three fundamental characteristics - foremost, universal eitheregiance, secondly, impartiality in all the acts and lastly, the act in itself should be self-enforcing. The implication of these elements is that moral values bind everyone to these norms, and irrespective of any one, it is applied to all perspectives and interests. Lastly, it should be through voluntary actions of the persons and not forced upon by any other. Ethics is doing what is right and conclude from doing what is wrong. And the good is determined by the norms that are applicable to that particular situation.The political issues involve complex macrocosm affairs, and competing moral values and dilemmas and not simple moral verdicts. Ethical reaso ning and judgments in strange form _or_ system of government making involves use of relevant morals and illuminations in managing foreign relations with other states. The issues such as fairness of the international economic order, justice of the global institutions, and international regimes etc. should be guided by rules, and institutions in light of moral norms (Amstutz, 2005).The politics among nations is governed by political Realism, the phenomenon that says that the society is governed by objective laws gestate its roots from the human nature. Since the political systems comprises of people, therefore, the societal laws of human beings are to always prevail in these systems. both statesman should apply rational alternatives in meeting problems under all circumstances. Morality has multiple facets to a foreign policy. Foremost, morality helps in defining goals and purposes of states and other players. No specific policy directives are given, exclusively direction and gene ral vision to highlight the nations vital interests is given by the moral rules governing the foreign policy. It establishes the limits for any policy measure to be taken and acted upon. Moreover, any policy is also judged on the hind end of these pre specified norms for judging the acts of the nations. A moral foreign policy should address three instruments - the conscience of finale makers, the influence of domestic opinion, and the influence of international reputation. The domestic opinion is formed by the freedom of expression of the people - as judged by the media, interest groups, and nongovernmental and professional associations whereas, global opinion influences the international reputation of the domain by labeling it as a reliable and moral actor or not. Kantian Ethics is the deontological set about talks about seeking happiness and that everyone will try to achieve pleasure and gratification to black market to the happiness, but, achieving happiness does not always fall in the purview of our powers, and it is a matter of luck. Thus, under this philosophy, paygrade of international politics actions taken might deem to be right or wrong, and not depending on the consequences. Thus, rationality is based on how a certain action is performed and not what does it result. Therefore, under this theory acts of terrorism can be favored by saying that these are the law enforcement acts, irrespective of the

VISUAL ANALYSIS PAPER Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

VISUAL ANALYSIS paper - Assignment ExampleIn addition, the meaning of an artwork can be explained. In conducting a optic analysis, aspects such as color, perspective, forms, balance, frame, and overall appearance are used to mention but a few. In this paper, Lorenzo di Credis Madonna and baby painting will be used to conduct a ocular analysis. The analysis will seek to explain the painting in-detail and most importantly explain why it stands protrude as a perfect painting that appeals to the eye than other versions of the Madonna and child works.Lorenzo di Credi was born in Italy in 1459. His time of birth places was midway through the Florence and Italian metempsychosis period. During his early artist life, he worked with Andrea del Verrocchio in his workshop. He got to work with the famous Leonardo da Vinci and it is said that the two artists inspired distributively other greatly. Most of his works were based on religious themes, and he used several Renaissance paintings to create his own. The Madonna and Child painting is one of his famous pieces.The first (original) autograph of The Madonna and Child painting was done by Rogier van der Weyden, a Flemish artist, in the early 1450s. Lorenzo di Credi drew passion from this piece to come up with his own version thirty years later. It is rectangular oil on wood painting with dimensions of 71.1 cm (height), and 49.5 cm (width). It is estimated to have been created around 1480 to 1485 and is currently on display at the National Gallery in London.The main focus of the painting is the Madonna (virgin) with a child lay on her lap. They both have halos above their heads. The Madonna has a silk veil over her golden pig and is staring down at the child who sits on her even out held at the waist in her right hand. She has a deep blue robe over a red dress. The child is staring towards the nates left corner of the painting, away from the Madonnas gaze. The child is only clad in a waistcloth. Both of its hands clasps around the

Sources of Power Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sources of Power - Essay Example jibe to Fields (2010), the judgeships know superior power over the enacted regulations in many instances. This enables the gun to continue regular irrespective of the stringent gun laws. For instance, the Gun Owners Association rejoiced when the Supreme Court of the united States made sentiment that was against the city of Chicago and in favor of Otis McDonald. By doing so, the Court maintained that the Fourteenth Amendment is relevant to the right to keep and bear firearms to all the fifty-states. As a consequence, in numerous cases, the state firearms laws have been reported to be less restrictive that the federal firearms laws. This decision by the Supreme Court whitethorn have significant effects on the restrictive gun regulations in New York, Louisiana, California and elsewhere.In 2008, the right wing group went to the Supreme Court and decided to leave the centuries of jurisprudence and extend the south Amendment as an individual protect ion for the owner of a gun to bear arms. The gun laws in the United States are often rife with enough loopholes to make them ineffective. For instance, the local and state police departments are non legally responsible for putting into effect the federal gun law as per the Supreme Court of the United States ruling in the Printz vs. United States.The gun industry also continues to prevail due to some amendments by influential people such as Congressman Todd Tiahrt. Since its passage, the law an amendment to the Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act in 2003, the Tiahrt Amendment forbids the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives from disseminating information from its database for tracing firearms to anyone who is not a law enforcement agent or a prosecutor who is linked to a particular criminal investigation. In that perspective, the Amendment asserts that any

Macroeconomices Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Macrostintinges - Research Proposal ExampleApparently, the simplicity of the underpinnings of economics benchmarked overlooking its significance in the intensified global market activities. All and sundry has anticipations concerning economic depression, but, accepted mitigations for that depression are immovable by fluctuations in comprehensive demand.Surveillance about economic depression began about 1929. Snowdon and wind vane (2) mentioned Aldcroft (1993) and Romer (1993) who did a study on the economic conditions of the country. They discovered that somewhere between the years 1929 and 1932 the United States economy dictum a dip in its business output. This was reflected in the Gross Domestic Product report, hand in hand with the sharp rise in unemployment. As Aldcroft and Romer study revealed, probably most people were non aware that trade and industry productivity degenerated unemployment rose and contributed to the economic downturn.Economic depression depends on unobser ved margins, and those boundaries move with productivity and employment in the economy (Snowdon and Vane 2). So that the economic situation may get better or worst, depending on the nations leadership to move forward or be diffident. Snowdon and Vane supposed John Maynard Keynes in 1936 was right in his theory of employment, interest, and money. Further they saidThe implication of Keynes abstract was that government intervention, in the form of discretionary fiscal and monetary policy, could help correct such immix instability and stabilize the economy at full employment (Snowdon and Vane 2).In a scenario where economic stability is lower than probable gross domestic product, it is most likely that consumers spend less (Baumol and Blinder, 588), because in reality they really do not have anything to be spent on either goods or services despite needs. Otherwise, investment spending is weak, despite

Ethical Dimensions of Health Care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Ethical Dimensions of Health Care - Essay Examplethis case, the forbearing tells the doctor that her belief system allows no blood transfusion of which the doctor agreed to respect that spiritual belief and lead do no transfusion as agreed in accordance to the patients belief system.The risks are known and the agreement was do. The principle of informed consent bind me to the agreement made based on the disclosed information of the patient and informing her of the risk. The risk may be greater but the alternative also has risk. The patient is specific and she knows what she would go through. In this case where risk buns non be discounted, the most prudent and humane thing to do is to follow the patients request. The doctor can dissuade informing her of the risks involved, but in the end, it is the patients decision that must prevail and respected.My sense of right and wrong will haunt me if I will not follow our agreement and did transfusion which violated her religious faith and then she died. On the other hand, the patient will also not like and will likely sue me with the danger of losing my license if I did the transfusion and she lived. She will also be stalk by her conscience because her faith was violated and my purpose as a physician is defeated because she did not like the way I did the

Explore the character of Lady Macbeth Coursework

Explore the character of lady Macbeth - Coursework ExampleLady Macbeth belongs and functions within the noblesse besides being a respected wife of Macbeth that her father-in-law, King Duncan treats her as their honored hostess. succession she exhibits the positive trait of remaining faithful and loving toward her husband, Lady Macbeth is severely determined for Macbeth to acquire the thrown and twisted as the next king. Her wild inhalation sets the conflict for Macbeth to ponder on seizing immediate kingship as she presses him to plot a murderous act against King Duncan. She appears completely aware that the good-natured Macbeth himself is far from adapted of scheming as such, hence, she finds it appropriate to take control of the situation that leads to the accomplishment of her design through him and by repressing her own conscience, Macbeth grows with confidence under mutual preference to carry out the wicked plan. Shakespeare occurs to come to the strong connection between masculinity and violence as well as the height of ambition for which the level of employed aggression is proportional yet rather than making reference via a anthropoid character, the notion is channelled through Lady Macbeths femininity which according to her husband is rather made of a masculine spirit. At a crucial stage, the lady is found wishing for an opposite grammatical gender so she would not hesitate having to commit the murder, had the king not resembled her father as he slept also, and this quite implies how gender issue plays a significant function in determining where huge potentials and power lie. Eventually, this portion of the national that describes the association of power to gender becomes the key point by which to develop the meaning in Lady Macbeths portrayal of her essential part in the story. Macbeths idea with undaunted mettle should compile / Nothing but males, through his primary incapacity to render aggressive behavior, is shifted between the witches and Lady Macbeth who possesses a higher degree of conviction about all means in pursuit of ones ends. In order to be relentless and not be held back by any thought of guilt, Macbeths wife invokes upon evil spirits so as to stop up th access and exit to remorse prior to the full implementation of the scheme. As she goes about her manipulative attitude, Macbeth initially complies yet is posterior consumed with indecisions, contemplating on rational grounds for relief or what would drive him to kill his father, King Duncan. Lady Macbeth, however, believes extremely that it is an unconscious desire of Macbeth to obtain the status of becoming a ruler overall, convincing him that once he gets to be king, it would earn them both security and prosperity in the kingdom. Thus, Lady Macbeth attacks the uncertainty of her better half(prenominal) by manipulating him with questions concerning the validity of his manhood and his affectionate regard for her. The ladys effective manipulation whole caboodle level off in castigating up to the slightest objection of Macbeth so that with the manner of repeated questioning, he finally realizes the lead to follow the dictates of his wife and so attain success in killing Duncan as a deduction of his unfailing love and unquestionable manhood. By her phenomenal strength, Lady Macbeth seems to bear a will that persists even after the crime, when she manages to

How Barbie doll does promote traditional gender roles., effect on Essay

How Barbie doll does promote handed-down gender roles., effect on gender behavior - Essay ExampleShe is used to illustrating the personal variations on general common gender themes occurring because numerous forces influence all individuals. Barbie Doll is perhaps used to come out that gender is significant and paramount to the identity of an individual. Gender is embodied and lived by everyone all the days of his or her lives. As such, it can be argued that gender is both an individual construction as well as is learnt by way of social arrangement and order, which promotes the persuasive standards of being male and female. In fact, the Barbie doll has been describe as the toy that was designed and made for women to enlighten women about what the society expects from them. Some schools of thought vagabond that Barbie doll has significant issues that surround femininity and gender ideals. In fact, Barbie doll can be draw to be the perfect representation of female sexuality as vie wed by the society and as perpetuated by the media (bothell 17).Gender special behavior is a result of both nature and socialization. The society, largely, dictates how men and women perceive themselves. Both the male and female in the society identify the self as composed of both the individual and the society. Barbie doll depicts this kind of societal influence just too well. She imitates the female personality. She is used to representing the woman in the society who functions as a self-imaging tool. Perhaps a major impact that she has on body exposure representation is that her body has a general human body form. Perhaps to show that gender specific behavior is influenced by socialization and nature, one only needs to look at Barbies audience-children. umteen academics believe that children are the most vulnerable to unhealthy body images that the doll projects (Bothell 61). Socialization occurs when children play. They need an upcountry representation that could as well be a ssumed to be true to all males and females

Corporate Governance and Revised Combined Code Essay

Corporate Governance and Revised Combined Code - Essay ExampleThis was detrimental both to the British economy and to the City of London as a market for investors. This series of situations prompted the pains Exchange to launch the Cadbury Inquiry into the financial aspects of corporate plaque in 1990. Corporate governance had twist authorized.The Cadbury Committee tale of December 1992 defines corporate governance (CG) as a system by which companies argon say and controlled. Boards of directors are responsible for the governance of their companies. The shareholders role in governance is to appoint the directors and the auditors and to satisfy themselves that the appropriate governance structure is in place. The Higgs Report, 10 eld later, however, defined CG as, a system that provides an architecture of accountability - the structures and processes to ensure companies are managed in the interests of their owners. The OECD Report of April 1998 provides an international view o f corporate governance. It says that Corporate governance comprehends that structure of dealingships and corresponding responsibilities among a vegetable marrow group consisting of shareholders, board members and managers are best designed to foster the competitive performance required to pass on the corporations primary objective.A number of best practices code in CG has emerged as a result ... andard reasoned practices for all company related matters such as board composition and development, remuneration, accountability and audit and relations with shareholders. The Cadbury Committee (1992) recognised that the board of directors in a company should be free to drive their companies ahead(predicate) but at the same time function within a framework of accountability. The Code was updated by the Hampel Committee in 1998, embracing the recommendations of the Cadbury and Greenbury committee, as well as the Hampel committee. The Combined Code was updated in 2003 with the recommenda tions of the Higgs Report about the role of non-executive directors and the role of the audit committee (the Smith Report). During this time the UK Government also affirm that the Financial Reporting Council (FRC) was to have the responsibility for publishing and maintaining the Code. In 2006, further changes were made by the FRC to the code. The up-to-the-minute consultations on a proposal to revise the Combined Code will end in serve 2010, after which the UK Corporate Governance Code, as it will be known, will apply to financial years beginning on or after 29 June 2010. First introduced in 1998, The Combined Code has been updated at intervals. The current version of the Code isthe June 2008 edition, which applies to accounting periods beginning on or after 29 June 2008. CG is important as it contributes both to business prosperity and to accountability. A Few Best Practices of CG in the UKUnited Utilities - play along of the Year 2009The largest listed water company in the UK, United Utilities, owns, operates and maintains utility assets such as water, wastewater, electricity and gas. The companys cargo towards corporate social and environmental responsibilities has been demonstrated through its

Sensors and Control Systems (Electrical and Electronic Engineering) Lab Report

Sensors and Control Systems (Electrical and Electronic Engineering) - Lab Report ExampleRotating a DC electric motors rotor like tacho generators will produce electricity and voice-coil speaker cigaret also act as microphones.It consist of a nickel wire of 0.5-1 mm diameter kept stretched between the poles of a permanent magnet and having a small stylus rigidly attached to it at the mid-point. The wire is prestressed by twisting it, before being installed into the position. Two pick-up coils of fine wire are pain round the wire on either attitude of the mid-point. Any displacement of the stylus to one side or the new(prenominal) increases the torsion on the side and decreases it by an equal amount on the new(prenominal) side. This results in an increase of magnetic flux in one-half and a decrease in the other half. The corresponding induced emfs are in phase opposition and are processed by capable networks as in the case of linear variable differential transformer. It is used as phonograph pick-up and is designed to have flat frequency response over 150 Hz- 15 kHz frequency range. ascribable to the nonlinearity and hysteresis in the performance, it is normally limited for use when time- varying torsions of small amplitude are to be measured.It was detect in 1879 and belongs to one of the galvanomagnetic phenomena in which the interaction between the magnetic knowledge domain and the moving electrical charges results in the development of forces that alter the motion of the charge. When an external magnetic field is applied to the current carrying hall particle perpendicular to the current flow a Lorentz force acts on the current due to which a electric potential called hall voltage is generated perpendicular to both the current and the magnetic field. This voltage is so small and needfully amplification.If an electric current flows through a conductor in a magnetic field, the magnetic field exerts a transverse force on the moving charge carriers wh ich tends to push them to one side of the

Successful security management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

Successful trade protection management - Research report ExampleThe various area of security that needs attention includeDalton (2003) traces the roots of contemporary incorporate security back to the role of the night watchman prior to the 1960s. In this guise the job of security personnel within businesses entailed little more than acting as a lookout with a simple role of early warning in case of incidents such as fire. Throughout the 1960s and into the latter(prenominal) half of the 20th century this limited early role began to expand and fire watches began to take on more classical security duties including controlling access and egress from properties, patrolling and primary(prenominal)taining perimeter fences and general guarding duties (Gill, 2006). Dalton terms this the yard Shack Era as activities were typically based out of such shacks located by the main gate (Gill, 2006).While security management progressed at varying speeds within industries different and between undivided organizations a growing role for security departments within the corporate world was apparent. For the most part it travel out of the so-called green shacks and into offices embarking on what Dalton describes as the Physical Security Era (Gill, 2006). With the arrival of the physical security era corporate security continued to perform duties such as security patrols scarcely in addition took on responsibilities for responding to medical emergencies, controlling traffic, monitoring equipment, escorting employees and staffing front desks (Gill, 2006). This entirely defensive access code to corporate security could be considered the trademark of the physical security era and to an extent it remains the ethos slow security departments in many large businesses today (Gill, 2006).One of the effects of globalization has been a proliferation in the number of threats which face large organizations with exposure to operational risks all over the world. This in turn has make th e job of protecting businesses much more complicated and means the

Money and Happiness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

funds and Happiness - Essay ExampleMaterial riches influences happiness. This depends on the ability of such materials to satisfy the needs of an individual. The fact that more(prenominal) capital gives one the liberty of acquiring material property implies that it can directly make one happier. Motivation psychologically helps fix individuals. People have varied motivations in life, which in turn influences their definition of happiness. This explains the misconception that there is a blood between earning more money and being happier in life. Happiness and satisfaction arise from achieving personal goals and ambitions. Money is most often a motivation in many peoples lives people hold up hard in order to earn more money, thus making their lives comfortable. Money contri simplyes to happiness but only as a motivation since people achieve some of their life aspirations through money earned. Whenever an individual achieves his or her objectives in life by earning more money or by linguistic context up a successful business, the success contributes to their happiness. However, the process of earning more money is likely to present more challenges and possibly lead to conflicts. This is the situation which affirms that money will not necessarily lead to happiness. Happiness is an excited or mental state of feeling good about ones self. This is normally characterized by joy, contentment, and pleasant emotions, among other similar psychological states. It is, therefore, a fundamental human attribute that influences physical and psychological well-being. The definition of happiness and the factors that lead to it are varied. This leads to the social discussion of the relationship between money and happiness.

Culture and the service user's experience Essay

Culture and the service users lie with - Essay ExampleMrs. B is a 72-year old immigrant from India. She has recently joined her son after restrained from her work in one of Indias leading banks. Mrs. Bs son is a populate in our neighborhood and he recently transferred to the infirmary that I was placed in, taking a aspect in the hospitals IT department. We have been acquainted for several months now and I have met his receive on several occasions. It is for this reason why I have chosen Mrs. B as my affair fore this study. She is comfortable with me perhaps because I have taken a strong interest in her ethnic traditions. We have had several insightful conversations about matters such as food, yoga and Indian religious practices. I felt that the study is no more than intrusive than these conversations and Mrs. B and her son approved of the whole undertaking. I was able to get a hold of her medical record and have thoroughly studied it before proceeding with my interview.Mrs. B is obese, deeply religious but very pleasant. About a month ago, she was admitted to the hospital due to fatigue, blurry vision, numbness and noticeable weakness in her body. Mrs. Bs son ab initio thought that his mothers complaints were due to stress and difficulties in adjusting to a new heathenish environment. Mrs. B believed that she is being punished for some previous sin. But the obvious discomfort led them to the hospital, wherein she was diagnosed with diabetes mellitus.According to Margaret Andrews and Joyceen Boyle (2007), cultural beliefs and values influence health promotion, disease prevention, and the treatment of illness. (p. 154) This is because once an illness has social connotations the issues become more complex. It is common for cultural groups to have a body of knowledge and beliefs about health and disease. But the cultural influence on healthcare beliefs and practices has its positive and negative effects.

Peer reviewded Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Peer reviewded - probe ExampleThe compromise whitethorn be in the form of disruption in the performance of duties or personal relationships, or at times may lead to the change of personality of a person. pity fatigue exhibits itself in a number of ways through evident markings and symptoms. The most visible sign that a person is suffering from compassion fatigue is the fact that the person is tense and preoccupied with the several(prenominal) in need of misgiving and his/her disease. Signs that a person is suffering from compassion fatigue may admit vacateing or the numbing of the feelings of the phencyclidine or avoiding certain thoughts or situations of the patient. The health professional may suffer lapses of memories and may also show a consistent character of macrocosm tired despite sleeping for decorous number of hours or, conversely, suffer from insomnia. The caregiver may also start to absent him/herself from work, and other signs may overwhelm emotional depletion due to too much caring for the sick and loss of interest in activities that were enjoyed antecedently. The caregiver also loses self-esteem, is susceptible to anger, depression and irritability and may find it difficult to find happiness or hope. There is also evident decreased productivity at both the workplace and home. A caregiver should try to avoid the complications that may make him/her suffer from the effects of compassion fatigue. There are more ways of avoiding compassion fatigue, and these are majorly the individual becoming more withdrawn due to the problem or the caregiver choosing to leave the job altogether. The physical, emotional and spiritual needs of the caregiver should be met in point that the person does not suffer from the effects of compassion fatigue. Understanding ones needs as a caregiver helps one to accept what is happening and may assist in avoiding compassion fatigue. Therefore, being in control of physical needs as a caregiver is important for bette r healthcare and wellbeing. The caregiver should look after his own health through better nutrition, regular exercise and abundant sleep to keep compassion fatigue at bay. pickings care of his/her emotional needs akin avoiding instances or events that may lead one to depression should be considered. This smoke be achieved through referring to previous instances in which the caregiver has endured and coped emotionally. Accepting how one feels and express the feelings, for example, one may reflect on her/his tribulation and happiness while at the same time maintaining a sense of humor. Spiritual needs same ones faith are important for the caregiver and through their consideration, one is able to avoid falling into the trap of compassion fatigue (Ekedahl and Wengstro?m, 2008). This can be relieved by understanding that conclusion is inevitable and occurs at some point in the lifetime of a person. Spiritual needs can be provided by the family, faith or the nature, and the caregiv er must be in a locating to comprehend the possibility of losing the patient they are taking care of. Strategies for Coping with Compassion Fatigue Taking care of oneself as a caregiver increases his/her ability to provide for the person in need of the mitigative care. This is because one will be able to handle the increased physical and emotional pressures that the work of care

Building Blocks Day-Care in the Downtown Chicago Research Paper

Building contains Day-Care in the Downtown Chicago - look Paper ExampleIn the year 1940 only 8.6 percent of the mothers with babyren younger than 18 years of senior were working in the factories (NCCIC, n.d.). The number of tike accusation facilities has additiond promptly over the years and this increase has been main(prenominal)ly due to the rise in maternal employment. Currently 60 percent of the mothers with children at their preschool age are working 70 percent of them work full time while the remaining industrial plant part time. Some of the mothers also remain sick most of the time (Witt, 2008). As per a fall over conducted by the National Child Care Information Center, most of the women employees quit their job in the States because they found it challenging to balance between work and children. The number of child care facilities has increased rapidly from 25000 in the year 1977 to 116000 in the year 2004. 41 percent of the school children are admitted into the c hild care nub for more than 35 hours in a week (Witt, 2008). Child care providers and parents share the province of the children during their growing years. In addition to attending childrens basic needs and wants they create an environment for children and assume their skills and talents by engaging the children in extracurricular activities. The main aim is to make Building Blocks day care spunk one of the prime child care service of process providers in Chicago, USA. The center has already obtained its license from the government authorities in the year 2011 and would have a capacity of 106 children. The main objective would be to look after children aged between 6 months to 12 years. Building Blocks day care center would be a new center compared to the other child care centers in Chicago (Child Care Center. Us, 2013c). The child day care center has opened in the current year 2011 in the city of Chicago, USA. give in of Contents Executive Summary 2 Table of Contents 3 1.0 S ituation abridgment 6 2.0 Competitors 7 2.1 Substitutes 9 2.2 SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threats) Analysis 10 2.2.1 Strength 10 2.2.2 Weakness 10 2.2.3 Opportunity 11 2.2.4 Threats 11 2.3 Key to mastery 12 2.4 Critical Issues 13 2.5 Macro Environment Factors 14 Demographic factors 14 Cultural factors 14 Environment factors 15 2.5.2 Porters Five Forces model 15 2.6 Mission statement 16 2.7 merchandiseing Objective 17 2.8 Financial objectives 18 2.9 Target marketing 19 21 3.0 lieu 21 3.1 Strategic Pyramid 22 3.2 Marketing Mix 24 3.2.1 Product strategy 25 A chart providing details of the above mentioned programmes should be maintained and revised regularly by the teachers. 26 3.2.2 Pricing strategy 26 3.2.3 Promotion strategy 26 3.2.4 Placement strategy 27 3.3 Market research 27 3.4.1 Financials 28 29 29 3.4.2 Revenue forecast 29 30 30 3.4.3 Expense forecast 31 31 32 3.4.4 Contribution Margin / Breakeven Point 32 33 3.5 Implementation Milestone 33 3.6 Marketing Organ ization 34 3.7 Contingency planning 35 35 References 36 PEST Analysis 38 1.0 Situation Analysis The number of child care service providers has increased rapidly due to their increasing demand. Building Blocks day care center will be providing ultra care to the infants and children admitted in the center. The center has obtained its license in the year 2011 and has to conform to with the rules and regulations of the Child Care Facilities Act. The Child Care Facilities Act was introduced in the year 1988 and the government expects all the child care centers to abide by the regulations of this act. Apart from complying with the rules an

Ranking of the Top 10 Undergraduate Programs in Hospitality Research Paper

Ranking of the die 10 Undergraduate Programs in Hospitality - Research Paper ExampleHospitality management is withal a comprehensive area of interest that focuses on teaching the students about the management, government, supervision, marketing, advertising, promotion, and operations of hotels, resorts, restaurants, and travel administration that take account of the cuisine and nourishment, accommodations and tourism facilities for the people. The administration and surveillance of the hospitality management is very confronting as it includes all the actions, movements, endeavor, avocation, and entertainment of the guests from the occasion of their arrival into the hotel, restaurant, or theatre until they depart (Clarke &Chen, 2007). The management has to prove them neighborly and malleable in an adequate amount so that they are able to fulfill the needs and requirements of their guests in a gratifying and pleasing manner. These courses of study enhances the students interpersona l, verbal and non-verbal communication abilities and people skills so that the students can develop, remedy and enhance their leadership and managerial capabilities and teamwork strategies.Hospitality management program also develop and augment the entrepreneurial skills of the students that escalates them in their careers and their confidence to do something on own.There are numerous universities and schools present in todays sequence throughout the world and especially in the United States region that offer the undergraduate and graduate take programs of hospitality management but the world ranking schools are few that has distinguished and distinct themselves on their exclusive and inimitable standards (Clarke &Chen, 2007). 1. Cornell University give instruction for Hotel Administration Amongst the worlds top universities/schools that provide the education with big league in Hospitality Management is Cornell University School for Hotel Administration (Cornell Univeristy, 2011 ). This hotel management school plays a distinctive fibre from others due to the reason that it provides the capable, endowed, and predetermined students with a wide range of expert educators, professors, trainers, and researchers with ultra modern and sophisticated environment for the knowl exhibit and education. In addition, they provide the students with a sturdy structure of set of business courses that is significant and vital for hospitality management, as the business management is the cornerstone of it (Corgel & Sturman & Verma, 2011). Image (Cornell, 2011) Furthermore, the university offers the students to get learning in one of the best and comfortable classrooms, labs, auditoriums and lecture halls and many more where the practical implementations are also a key part of the learning. The prime focus of the university is to develop, anticipate, and furnish their qualities and skills so that they get a leading edge over others in their areas of interests. Associations, g roup effort, alliance with other students are also the highlighting features that the university accentuates.The official website of the Cornell University School of Hotel Administration (Cornell University, 2011) provides a comprehensive detail of the university program, features, and other details (Corgel & Sturman & Verma, 2011). 2. University of Nevada Las Vegas University of Nevada at Las Vegas

Michael DeNottos Street Art and Graffiti Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Michael DeNottos Street Art and Graffiti - Essay theoretical accountDeNotto then goes on to identify sources, where blindicles, essays, photos and interviews of artists can be found so that those interested can matter into it for further study. He believes that the value of street art has become greater nowadays due to its furiousness on scholarship and vulnerability to eradication or vandalism, thereby erasing the potentially significant message it wants to impart. Hence, it is beta to document it as they still exist. De Sotto provides a clear explanation of the evolution of graffiti and street art as part of popular culture. He has opened the minds of people to alternative perspectives, and explained that it is a viable firing of self-expression and dissemination of a message intended for society. The initiative to provide additional sources of information is also worthy so people gain a broader understanding of graffiti and street art and why artists lapse to creating it s o that people get to understand their messages better. Graffiti used to be viewed as something unpleasant oddly if the owners of the walls intended for it to remain spotless. Vandals have exploited such immaculate walls to maliciously destroy its faade as a canvas for their rebellious messages. Now, as prominent artists have recognized the power of graffiti to dismiss such strong responses from the public, they have utilized this medium to spread more positive content and sooner of destroying the urban environment with ugly public textual and graphic messages, they created street art.

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Free Will vs. Determinism EssayPHI/105 August 2010 Week 1 Checkpoint 1 Arguments and Logic Free Will VS Determinism Free Will and Determinism are two separate beliefs, contradicting peerless a nonher(prenominal). Determinism is the idea that all matter in this known universe is created for a specific purpose a specific action. Therefore, the behavior of all atoms are governed by their physical law their purpose. Free Will is barely defined as humans having free allow. Humans give birth the ability to choose their next action, thereby choosing their cut to their future. In the excerpt given these two beliefs are in contradiction with one another and therefore shtupnot exist. One must believe in a single belief, not both. The line of works given for Determinism is that any(prenominal) an atom does, it must do in a given circumstance. By laws of nature and physics, it must manage in a specific manner. Following this argument, an atom must bear in manner A when in circumst ance Z therefore, if present in circumstance Z, the atom must behave in manner A in accordance with its physical laws.A behavior as a resolvent of free will however, is an particular that did not have to happen, thereby contradicting the argument for Determinism. Free Will is an event that is the direct result of my actions because of my choices. Therefore, if an event were to occur as a result of Free Will, this event did not have to happen. For example, let us imagine that I am walking along a path and I choose, of my own free will, to pick up a rock and throw it. I could tardily have chosen not to throw the rock therefore, when I threw the rock, the atoms in my arm did not have to move even if this situation.Given this example, we will assume that Free Will is the correct belief, thus illustrating that it is not true that an atom must have done what it did, given the situation. If Determinism is true, then my arm would have travel and the rock been thrown, regardless of my cho ices and actions. The arguments for these beliefs seem logical in the fact that Determinism is relating to science and physics to illustrate the construction and behavior of atoms the core component to all known matter.This argument provides a solid base for the Determinism belief, explaining that everything is preordained by its physical properties, and the Free Will is an illusion. Free Will, on the other hand, is given no scientific argument and is more than common sense based in its belief. Free Wills argument is not to illustrate that it is true, just now to show that Determinism is not true. While the arguments for both beliefs seem valid, I found there to be more weaknesss is the Determinisms logic. To say that all matter has a given physical law is correct and that is must behave in its intended manner.Atoms that compose the chemical progress toup of fire will in fact sheer you if too close this is what fire does. The weakness in the Determinisms argument is saying that because you were burned, the atoms in that fire were intentional to burn you. Nature has a set of principles in place. Gravity causes object to fall towards its pull, and the movement of two objects against one another creates heat the form of friction. These events are localized in their behavior, but not preordained. A rock that is thrown will glide through the air and descend towards earth again.My arm can throw a rock, or remain at my side. The atoms of the rock, make it a rock, but do not make it fly. The atoms in my arm are what bind muscles, bone, and skin, and make it my arm, but they do not make my arm throw the rock. Determinism is true to an extent, as is Free Will. Each of them play a part in our world. If I wish to throw a rock at a window, and not break the glass, my will alone is not enough to make it so. Determinism will then take over and act thence to the density of the glass, and the velocity of the rock. Both beliefs exist together, working together.

Comparing the depiction of Men throughout Charles Dickens Essay Example for Free

Comparing the limning of Men throughout Charles Dickens Essay expectant Expectations is a pre twentieth century confine with cider with Rosie is a twentieth century book. Great Expectations is about a boy berth which the book revolves roughly his life from a infantile child in the marshy land of Kent to a grown human beings where he pile ups Estella the love of his life, which he has not seen for years. This book has a storyline which has leaves you in suspense at the end of chapters. An example of this is at the end of chapter 0ne on page 5, I enumerateed round for the horrible youngish man, and I could see no signs of him. But, now I was frightened again, and I ran home without stopping. This leaves suspense and you indispensability to read on.Where as Cider with Rosie follows all(prenominal) the happenings of a young boy, Laurie downwind. Really it is a autobiography of Laurie Lee till he is about 14, 15 years of age. Cider with Rosie is a very descriptive book, w hich go forth describe things in gravid detail and in big long lists of running comwork forcetary. An example of this great explanation is on page 11 chapter one I crawled about among the ornaments on the unfamiliar floor-the frappe fishes, china dogs, shepherdesses, bronze horsemen, stopped clocks, barometers, and photographs of bearded men.In Great Expectations the main Men I am going to look at are Mr Joe, Mr Wemmick, Herbit Pocket and Magwitch the convict. Magwitch is an escaped convict from the local prison close to where pip lives. The first man described in this book is on page 2 of chapter 1, it is Magwitch the convict. scoot meats him in the church yard looking at his mothers tomb stone this is the first incur of Magwitch for fool it would be terrifying for the young boy. Magwitch is described in this scene as A fearful man, all in coarse grey, with a great iron on his leg. A man with no hat, humbled shoes and with an old rag tied round his head. This shows the fi rst description of a antheral in Great Expectations. It gives the reader a very clear image of what this convict would consume looked analogous and been like to meet in person.The next description is one of Joe Gargery on page 6 chapter 2 of Great Expectations. Joe is married to Pips sister so he is Pips Brother-in-law but Pips looks up to him as his father as he does not have one. They are very good friends and spend a lot of clock time to lodgeher. This is the description of him, Joe was a fair man, with curls of flaxen hair on each side of his smooth face, and with eyeball of such a very undecided blue that they seemed to have some how got mixed with their whites. This is from Pips point of view and shows you what Pip thought and sees of his brother-in-law. Joe is Pips father figure, a kind of replacement for Pips Dad, which Pip looks up too.The next male I am going to describe is Mr Wemmick. He is Mr Jaggers clerk and lives and works in the London area. He is a poor man bu t is happy as he have his small castle to get a vogue from the world and his old Dad who is dependent of him. In Great Expectations Mr Wemmick is frequently is involved in helping Pip in London. A description of Mr Wemmick is on page 165 chapter 21. Casting my eyes on Mr Wemmick as we went along, to see what he was like in the light of day, I found him to be a dry man, rather short in stature, with a square wooden face, whose expression seemed to have imperfectly chipped out with a dull-edged chisel.There were some marks in it that might have been dimples, if the poppycock had been softer and instrument finer, but which, as it was, were only dints. This shows what Pip thinks of Mr Wemmick when he first sees him in Mr Jaggers office in London. It is a very depictive description of Mr Wemmick and you can vividly imagine what Mr Wemmick would look like to meet in person. Mr Wemmick is closely involved in what Pip does in London and helps him financially and none-financially.The last male I am going to look at in Great Expectations is Herbert Pocket. Pip first encounter with Herbert Pocket in Great Expectations is when they meet at Mrs Havishams later on Pip has been round Mrs Havishams playing. When Pip leaves her tin he runs into Herbert Pocket in which they have a play fight. This is in chapter 11 page 87, after playing at Mrs Havishams. When Pip sees Herbert Pocket he is described as a pale young gentleman.Which is what he is described as for a while longer. After the fight Herbert is described as not very healthy-having pimples on his face and breaking out of his mouth, these dreadful preparation appalled me. The next time pip meats Herbert is in London when they a older and about to share a flat in concert in London. Herbert is now described as still a pale young gentleman. He had not a handsome face, but it was better than handsome but extremely amiable and cheerful. His figure was a little ungainly. This description of Herbert is more descriptive and i s described in a grown-up way instead of the way he was described earlier in the book. This is on page 172 chapter 22.In Cider with Rosie there are not many men in the book as it is a female dominated book and there are very few males in the book as his father deserted him and the tranquility of his family at an early age of so he dose not have many males in his life. The only males he really sees in his life at an early age is at school, his brothers and men around the village he lives in. described main men that I am going to look at that are involved someway with Laurie Lees life are mostly in the chapter The Uncles.

An Evaluation of Academic Performance of Grade Essay Example for Free

An Evaluation of Academic performance of make EssayIntroduction ag rugged(predicate) minds make bright future Preparatory nestlingren nowadays atomic number 18 farbetter than before they be to a greater extent than advanced in teaching and to a greater extent capable of absorbing the methods of learning that exercisingd with them. forward-looking teaching accompanied with modules and analytical measures develop thekindergarteners memory retention that serves as the radix of their statement. Kids today be more voluntary and not afraid totry to discover new slipway and methods of learning. The value of pre coach is a stifling motion these days. A small but growing number ofstudies railroad tie enrolment in pre instill or tyke c atomic number 18centers (which typically include apreschool curriculum) to higher cognitive and language haemorrhoid on kindergarten-entry tests The before flip(predicate) nipperhood stage is apermanent learning stage. some(prenominal) th ey learn now, they pass on pee home. This preschool grooming is the prep bedness of didactics for kidrenbefore the commencement of statutory discipline, normally between the ages of three and five, qualified on the jurisdiction. The institutional arrangements for preschool education vary widely around the world, as do the names apply to the institutions.Effective preschool education can help make all minorren trust to learn the day they start school and, more importantly, help close theenormous gap veneering tykeren inpoverty. Preschool gives our kids the strongfoundation they need to besuccessful in school and in life. barbarianren who meet pre-kindergarten programs have biggervocabularies and increased mathskills, know more letters and more letter-sound associations, and be more familiar with words and book concepts, according to a numberof studies (Patson P. Opido 2010). The electric razor is the ultimate concern in all educational processes.He is the beginning at the end of all educational efforts. The goal of education is to help every child grow up well-rounded physically well-developed, mentally healthy, intelligently alert, randyly secure and genially well adjusted. These can be truly achieved by big(a) attention to the childs foundation. The offshoot day of the children in school is a unique experience. It may be their prime(prenominal) contact with big group of children. The difference among outgrowth cross off pupils in their level of inclined(p)ness to physical body one work may vary.The grade I teacher should be awargon of the differences in the childrens run d knowledgeiness some readiness is the springboard to do actions. Knowing pupils differences bequeath contract the teacher on what to do to develop them to the mountest ( Lindberg and Swedo, 1995). A child born of a healthy, responsible and emotionally mature parents has a good foundation. His parents, especially the m other, guide him through the proper habits o f eating, sleeping and cleanliness. An privates attitude toward himself and others, his behaviour either at work or at play, and his emotional roots in his betimes childhood experiences.What he learns at home constitutes the basis for future learning and adjustment. As the child develops social awareness, he needs to experience association with a larger group outside his home. Parents spread their children to school simply because they want them to develop basic health habits and self sufficiency. Furthermore, this also includes the ability to use language patterns for simple and correct social attitudes in relation to the company of people around him, whether adults or other children and the appreciation of the aesthetic attributes of his immediate surroundings.Modern teaching accompanied with modules and analytical measures develop the preschoolers memory retention serving as the foundation of their education. Kids today are more willing and not afraid to try to discover new wa ys and methods of learning. The value of preschool is a hot topic these days. A small but growing number of studies link enrolment in preschool or child care centers (which typically include a preschool curriculum) to higher cognitive and language scores on kindergarten-entry tests. The proto(prenominal) childhood stage is a permanent learning stage.Whatever they learn now, they will take home. This preschool education is the provision of education for children before the commencement of statutory education, usually between the ages of three and five, dependent on the jurisdiction. Parents on the other hand, play a vital role in educating their children because they are their first teachers, which is the superior contribution before a child ever begins his formal education in school. When a child enters the formal school, he carries out with him the acquired values from his parents.Just like the teachers task, if parents fail to dress their responsibilities, it may bring misbehav iour on their children which may directly or indirectly affect the childs faculty member performance. In the Philippine public simple-minded schools today, cozy tensions have been continuously touching the learners going to grade one level, especially those who had never gone to any kind of schooling before. These learners incoming grade one have many apprehensions. Most of them have no experiences in going to school.Parents are not capable of sending them to school especially those in remote and slum areas. Instead of giving their children a chance to schooling in Day distribute Centers and Kindergarten in some public unproblematic schools, they ended up waiting for their to be accepted in degree integrity. With these scenarios the pupils encounter difficulties in maculation up with distinct skills like numeracy and literacy which are now the basic skills necessary in the first grade level of formal schooling. These children also suffer in relating themselves to their ne w environment, the school.In localize to have a smooth transition from home to school and to prepare them socially and psychologically, the curriculum on the aboriginal puerility get a lines was recommended for adoption in all public elementary schools as included in Every Child A Reader Program ( ECARP). It dumbfounds to developing the reading readiness and schoolingal reading in wander one as launched by the section of Education. ace of the major goals of the 2015 Education for All (EFA) is the expansion of the reporting and breakment of the quality of the archeozoic childishness Care and Development (ECCD) programs in the country.The present government garbage disposal in its Ten-Point Agenda has declared a policy calling for the standardization of preschool and day care centers. The Department of Education (DepEd) in support of this push button will administer School prep appraisal attempt to All tick off 1 Entrants, effective SY 2005-2006. The School install ation perspicacity (SRA) is a tool to interpret the readiness of drift One entrants in tackling formal musical score One work. The School Readiness Assessment Tool will be administered by Grade One teachers assisted by the Grade two and Three teachers one week before opening of naval divisiones.The assessment shall not be treated as an grip test or examination. zero(prenominal)child shall be refused entry to Grade 1 ground on the results neither of this assessment nor without preschool experience. To continuously de terminal figureine the school readiness of all Grade One Entrants, the School Readiness Assessment (SReA) was administered. One of the objectives of SReA is to assess pupils readiness across the different instructional domains rude and fine motor, receptive/ expressive language, cognitive domain and socio- economic domain. The result obtained was the basis for grouping the Grade One entrants.It was also used to guide Grade One teachers in providing trance i nstruction and help to address specific needs of the pupils. The result of the School Readiness Test in May 2011 determine that thither were at least forty two point ninety eight percent of the school population of Grade One entrants were not go under. Children with noEarly Childhood Care and Development (ECCD) has low average in pupils readiness across the different developmental domains gross and fine motor, receptive/ expressive language, cognitive domain and socio- economic domain. Background of the StudyThe tec is motivated by the above mentioned postal service and this led to the conceptualization of this study. As an educator, the researcher is faced with the fact that there is an imperative need to gird and streamline the internal instruction of educational arrangements in rules of order to achieve efficiency and responsiveness to trends and challenges of the close millennium. It is therefore the aim of this study to empower parents and positively influence them on affirmative effects of pre-school education in the holistic development of their children particularly on the advancement of their academic performance.The value of preschool is ahot topic these days. A small but growing number ofstudies link enrolment in preschool or child carecenters (which typically include apreschool curriculum) to higher cognitive and language scores on kindergarten-entry tests. The early childhood stage is apermanent learning stage. Whatever they learn now, they will take home. This preschool education is the provision of education forchildrenbefore the commencement of statutory education, usually between the ages of three and five, dependent on the jurisdiction.The institutional arrangements for preschool education vary widely around the world, as do the namesapplied to the institutions ( Bustos Alicia and Espiritu 1985). The Early Childhood bes Curriculum, hence all Grade One teachers are expected to implement it. Teachers are also encouraged to make use o f local songs, games, dances and indigenous materials to enrich the curriculum. It is hoped that the Early Childhood Experience for Grade One will greatly benefit the children and strengthen efforts to make the schools child-friendly.Theoretical Framework This study is anchored on Edward Thorndikes, Jerome Bruners, and B. F. Skinners Theories of Learning. These theories enabled the researcher in the conceptualization of this work. The Law of Readiness as advocated by Thorndike is associated with mind set. It states that when an organism is prepared to respond to a stimulus, allowing doing so would be satisfying while preventing him would be annoying. This rectitude works well in this study because the children is mentally ready to learn.The Law of Exercise states that the unending repetition of response strengthens its connection with the stimulus, while disuse of response weakens it. The exercises abandoned to the children using a modifiable connection like instructional materia ls enables them to acquire the learning easier and faster because the responses will be utilized, the stronger the connection to be developed. Thus, when a modifiable between a stimulus and a response has been made, it is strengthened if its results in happiness as the Law of effect proves.Jerome Bruners (1915) theory of Instrumental conceptualization is also applied as it involves (3) three simultaneous processes as Acquisition, Transformation and Evaluation. This theory of learning believes that the acquisition of whatever form of companionship acquisition, who selects structures, retains and transforms information. Teaching without the use of proper strategic juts will result to failure. Through School Readiness Assessment Test (SReA), pupils will acquire knowledge through different techniques used by the researchers.Hence, learning to read is facilitated by Skinners Theory. Conceptual Framework This study cerebrate on the evaluation of academic performance of Grade One pupil s with and without Early Childhood Experience of Sto. Nino Elementary School. The independent protean lie down of School Readiness Assessment Test (SReA) for children with and without Early Childhood Experience while the dependent variable is the academic performance of the respondents in call of the following sensational unlikeness, Concept Formation, Numeracy, reading Readiness and social structure and ocular Motor Integration.Research Paradigm Independent Variable Dependent Variable Figure 1 The above figure shows the relationship of independent variables to dependent variables of the study. Statement of the Problem This study intended to survey the academic performance of Grade One pupils with and without Early Childhood Experience (ECE) at Sto. Nino Elementary School, component part of San Pablo city. Specifically, this study sought to answer the following questions 1. What are the mean pre-test scores of the two groups of pupils in terms of the following a) Sensory, b) Concept Formation, c) Numeracy, d) Reading Readiness and e) Construction and Visual- Motor Integration? 2. What are the mean post-test scores of the two groups of pupils in terms of the following a) Sensory Discrimination, b) Concept Formation, c) Numeracy, d) Reading Readiness and e) Construction and Visual Motor- Integration? 3. Is there a significant difference in the mean scores between the pupils with and without Early Childhood Experience (ECE) and their performance? Hypothesis The hypothesis stated below was tested in this study. in that respect is no significant difference in the mean scores between the pupils with Early Childhood Experience (ECE) and those without Early Childhood Experience (ECE) and their performance in terms of the following i. Sensory Discrimination, ii. Concept Formation, iii. Numeracy, iv. Reading Readiness and a. Construction and Visual- Motor Integration? Significance of the Study This study is of importance to the pupils, teachers, principals, pa rents and other researcher for the following reasons Pupils are elemental group which the study would benefit.They are the central point to be given much consideration because they are the recipients of this study. They will be assessed and it would be a big help for them to emend their academic performance. Teachers are the facilitators of learning. They may be able to undertake possible teaching alternatives that may be facilitate, enhance and improve their teaching skills to cater the needs of the pupils with and without Early Childhood Experience in order to improve their academic performance. They will specifically take cognizance of their status at present in terms of the line of work arising in their own classroom.Likewise, they could assess definitely where the problem lie and thus, make redress to solve them. Therefore the learners needs would be taken into considerations. The results of this investigation will also help other teacher in the field since the problems rais ed here may have also help them to improve the academic performance of their pupils. Principals are the ones who initiate support for every change that happens in the school. Good management and supervision of the school and the teachers, respectively, are the responsibility of the principals.Results which this study reveal may enable the school heads to plan out better and more effective ways to evaluate the academic performance of Grade One pupils with and without Early Childhood Experience. It is very important to take in consideration the needs of Grade One pupils because it is the foundation course of study for them. In that case the principal ought to have a plan to cater the individual needs of the learner to improve their academic performance to elevate the quality of education in the country.Parents are stakeholders of the school. The findings of this study are important to parents because they need to be informed about the performance of their school children in school. T hrough this, they will know the importance of Early Childhood Experience (ECE) for their children. For this reason, they will send them in preschool. So that their children will not be shocked with their new environment. The parents will work hand and hand with the teacher in facilitating strategies to evaluate the academic performance of the learners.They may also help influencing their children to have a good study habits. Their support to their children and school is important so that the goals will be attained. Other researchers who would be interested with this problem may gain further insights in developing their own research work. The data that will be revealed by this study may be used by other researcher to enhance their own studies. They may also use it as related study or cast up data that they have to come up with a more comprehensive knowledge about the problem presented here into.S trade and Limitation of the Study The focus of the study to be conducted is An Evaluat ion of Academic Performance of Sto. Nino Elementary School, Dapdapan, District, Division of San Pablo City. It limits its coverage on the result of School Readiness Assessment (SReA) which includes the following areas Sensory Discrimination, Concept Formation, Numeracy, Reading Readiness, and Construction and Visual Integration the Pre test and Post test of School Readiness Assessment (SReA) and the instructional module being devised to answer the needs of Grade One pupils.The respondents of the study will be eighty (80) pupils of Sto. Nino Elementary School, forty (40) pupils with Early Childhood Experience (ECE) and forty (40) pupils without Early Childhood Experience (ECE). Definition of Terms For the interpretation of the study, the terms used are defined in order to avoid vagueness or ambiguousness meaning. Therefore, provide the reader a common point of reference. Public Elementary SchoolsThese are school managed, operated and maintained by the national government. It offers curricular programs for Grade One to Six children.Sensory Discrimination These refer to exercises in discriminating simplest form of mental operation that was clearly intellective. It includes exercises on identifying same and different shapes. Concept FormationThese refer to exercises that requires the learner to construct the properties of the object from the definition. It includes exercises on completing statements showing simple analogy. Numeracy The term refers the ability to learn the specific tasks in maths like counting, arranging, sequencing sets of objects.The numeracy skills are designed to help with the more advanced levels of mathematics that pupils will encounter during the school lives and also into their adulthood. It includes exercises pointing out which has more or little sets. In this study, it pertains to the level of achievement of the Grade One pupils in different learning skills in Mathematics as perceived by their Grade One teachers. Construction and Visua l-Motor Integration These skills refer to the smooth coordination of the look and hands working together. Sto. Nino Elementary School Public Elementary school situated in Brgy. Sto.Nino, San Pablo City where the present study is being conducted. Grade One Pupils. Refer to children entering the formal school in the primary grades as prescribed by the Department of Education, whose ages ranges from six (6) long time old and above. Chapter II reassessment OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES This chapter presents literature and studies which are related to the problem. The materials found in local and foreign books, educational journals and magazines, documents, guidelines and reports by Department of Education provided references. Related Literature Philosophy and Goals of Elementary Education.Philosophy of pre-school education as stated in DECS Memo no. 107 s. 1989 considers the child, the school and the teacher with the support of the family in the maximizing the childs potential. Pre -school education is base on the knowledge that each child is unique individual with his own biological make up, interest, capacities, and ways of viewing the world. He has a tremendous potentiality for learning. He is industrious and understands the world differently from adult. His language has developed with acquisition of wide vocabulary making him capable of colloquy his ideas and feelings.A pre-school child is always on the process of becoming, and therefore if properly developed can call on a comminuted thinker and a socially sensitive, directed, creative, responsible and caring individual. Pre-school education must aim to develop children in all aspects physical, social, emotional and cognitive so that they will be better prepared to adjust and cope with life situations and the demands of formal schooling. By doing so, learning gaps and dropouts may be reduced or avoided to the maximum. Objectives of Pre-School education is founded on the following objectives (Inc.DEC S Memo No. 45 1995).They are as follows To develop the child in all aspects ( physical, social, emotional and cognitive) so that they may be better prepared to adjust and cope with the life situations within the context of his experience. To maximize the childs potential through a compartmentalization of carefully selected and meaningful experiences considering his interests and capabilities, and To develop the child in all aspects so that he becomes a self- propelling, thinking and contributing individual able to make decisions which all prepare him more complex demands for future life.DepEd nine No. 10, s. 2004 is the legal basis in the implementation of the Enhanced Eight-Week Early Experiences for Grade One. Its main thrust is development of academic skills among learners. It is because most Grade One entrants have not gone through pre-school experiences. Hence, the Early Childhood Experience has been enriched and aligned with the BEC making its integral part of the Grade 1 C urriculum. In 1995, Early Childhood Experiences for Grade One was institutionalized at the same time as the prescribed age for entry into the primary school was dropped to six years of age.All Grade One teachers were put across to implement the Eight-Week Curriculum and gradually move to the regular Grade One curriculum. Pursuant to DepEd Order No. 15, s. 2005, which calls for the administration of School Readiness Assessment for All Grade One Entrants, all incoming Grade 1 shall undergo a school readiness assessment using the revised tool. The School Readiness Assessment (SRA) will be administered by Grade 1 teachers to be assisted by Grade II, III and master teachers of their respective schools. This assessment shall be administered twice. The first assessment given on May.The succor shall be administered after the children have undergone 8-week curriculum, focusing on the competencies not manifested by the child during the first assessment. The SRA will determine the level of progress of Grade 1 entrants across different developmental domains that are critical in tracking Grade 1 learning competencies. The result shall be the basis for grouping the Grade 1 entrants. It will be also used to guide Grade 1 teachers in providing appropriate instruction and assistance to address specific needs of the pupils through the utilization of the 8-week curriculum.The assessment shall not be treated as an hex test or examination as children may be nauseous about passing or failing. No child shall be refused entry to Grade 1 based on the results of this assessment. Educating our children at an early stage will give more chance for young Filipinos in the future to compete for jobs and opportunities in the new world order in which better educated and highly skilled persons have become the most valued resources. Giving access to free quality early childhood education will bridge the gap between the rich and the poor that will give our less privileged countrymen a stron g foundation for the challenges in the next millennium. (Eduardo J. Angara, 1997) The Early Childhood Care and Development ( ECCD ) Law, enacted in 2000, recognizes the importance of early childhood and its special needs, affirms parents as primary caregivers and the childs first teachers, and establishes parent effectiveness, seminars and nutrition counselling for pregnant and lactating mothers.The law requires the establishment of a field Coordinating Council for the Welfare of Children which (a) establishes guidelines, standards, and culturally relevant practices for ECCD programs (b) develops a national agreement for the recruitment, training, and accrediting of caregivers (c) monitors the delivery of ECCD services and the encroachment of beneficiaries (d) provides additional resources to poor and disadvantaged communities in order to increase the supply of ECCD programs (e) encourages the development of private arena initiatives the Republic Act 6972 known as Barangay (vil lage)Level Total Protection of Childen Act has a provision that requires all local government units to establish a day-care centre in every village the law institutionalized the features of day-care programme that provide for young childrens learning needs aside from their health and psychosocial needs.The universalization of early childhood education and standardization of preschool and day care centers was established though the Executive Order No. 658 of 2008 (Expanding the Pre-School Coverage to Include Children Enrolled in Day Care Centers). (PTFE 2008). According to Clark (2002), in her article First Grade Readiness, there are signs one can look for, to know if a child is a ready for first grade. In the physical realm, the first grade childs limbs are now equaliser with the body and head .There is a loss of baby far and greater definition in the face. In the emotional realm, the young child who once expressed strong emotions through sudden effusion now has a feelings that b egin to deepen.A child will talk of hurt feelings and being sad. Socially, the first grade ready child begins to form friendships which go deeper than before. The child feels loyalty for friends and often expresses the desire to be with them. In the mental realm, there is the birth of free memory. This is different than the memory of a four year old. The younger childs memory must be triggered by a sight, smell, or swinging verse when the memory and recall it will. Kagan (2000) stated that the concept of school readiness has been defined and redefined over the years resulting in differing viewpoints. Several theories of child development and learning have been used to explain the term.In fact, there appears to be two types of readiness readiness to learn, which involves a level of development at which the child has the capacity to learn specific materials, and readiness for school and readiness for school which involve specific set of cognitive, linguistic, social and motor skills that enable a child to assimilate the schools curriculum.According to Quinto (2001) the lowering of entrance to six years old for grade one pupils in the Philippines public elementary schools have created inner tensions, especially to those who had never gone to any kind of school before. So, in order to have a smooth transition from home to school and to prepare them socially, psychologically, the curriculum on the Early Childhood Experiences was recommended for adoption in all public elementary schools. Studies show that childs mind is almost full developed before he reaches the age of five. This presents a need for an organized early childhood education.Pre-elementary or preschool education is one of the latest trends in childhood education which gives equal opportunities to all children at the last(a) step of educational ladder. Preschool education holds a prominent place, being that level in the school system wherein children are trained to be better prepared for grade one. Fo r the development of the child, the curriculum focuses on these areas of development physical ( gross and fine motor coordination through play and manipulated activities like games, simple work) cognitive ( communication skills, sensory-perceptual concepts, numeracy skills) personal social (health habits and independence in dressing, eating, sleeping, toileting relating with teachers, peers and other people through group play and fundamental interaction follow rules and routine.Groark (2006) stresses that the school and district administrators, as well as policymakers are change magnitudely recognizing that early education and intervention services for young children have a direct and positive impact on later on school performance and quality. Soliven (1999) stated that an authority on child development, underscores the significance of pre-primary education to the mental development of children citing the results of research which showed that pre-primary education is important to the child, she pointed out the intellectual capacity of the child is most susceptible to reaches a substantially higher rate of intellectual development of Early Childhood especially in a favourable environment. It is apparent that intelligence is best developed in the first six years of life, if the child is exposed to a favourable environment for development during this formative period.Vittetow (1994) former Education Expert of internationalist Cooperation Administration (ICA) in his Educational Series Bulletin for the Bureau of Public Schools gave growth characteristics of Pre-school Filipino children, which are true to all children at this level of growth and development. Said development and growth includes 1) Physical Characteristics, 2) psychogenic Characteristics, 3) Social Characteristics, 4) Emotional Characteristics, 5) Spiritual and Moral Characteristics and 6) Aesthetic Characteristics.According to Kats (2001) what the children learn, how they learn, and how much the y learn depend on many factors. Among the most important factors are the childs physical well-being, and his emotional and cognitive relationships with those who care for him. The school readiness goal reflects two concerns about the education of young children.The first is that the increasing numbers of young children in poverty, in single-parent households have limited proficiency in side are affected by the drug abuse of their parents have poor nutrition, and receive inadequate health care. The second area of concern involves such matters as the high rates of retention in kindergarten and primary grades, delayed school entry in some districts, segregated transition in classes in others and the increasing use of standardized tests to determine childrens readiness to enter school. Standardized tests used to deny children entrance to school or place them in special classes are inappropriate for children younger than six.These trends are delinquent largely to the fact that an academ ic curriculum and direct instruction teaching practices that are appropriate for the swiftness grades have gradually been moved down to the kindergarten and first grade.These two areas of concern suggest that reaching the school readiness goal will require a twofold strategy one part focused on supporting families in their efforts to help their children get ready for school, and the second on helping the schools to be responsive to the wide range of development levels, backgrounds, experiences, and needs of children to bring them in school. Watson (1985) pointed out that groups of children of higher economic status have higher level of intelligence than those favored economic status, the higher their average IQs on Standford Binet or similar verbal test.The mismatch between the schools and children from low income working class families had led to concerted attempts to involve parents from these families in the schools. When the school can involve low-income parents, their childre ns school attention increases, the children are less disruptive in class and less aggressive on the playground, their classwork improves, and they are more likely to complete their homework.If they are raised in emotionally secured homes they tend to be emotionally secured children. If they are raised in homes which lack happiness and have little emotionally security they may in time tend to be unhappy and insecure. However, these differences between higher and lower socio-economic groups may be cod to non-intellectual factors.Some of these factors serving to depress intelligence test scores among the lower socio-economic groups could be greater guard to taking test, the effect of nutritional deficiencies, different attitudes towards education, suspicion, lack of support and the like. Although any or all of these factors appear reasonable, there are no definite research to establish the answer conclusively. It has been observed that most elementary teachers do not have the neces sary educational background to teach visual arts. University of Hawaiis Professor, Dr. Stephanie Feeny (1986) stresses the importance of the arts in the development of the thinking process in children.

Who Is Alan Turing Essay Example for Free

Who Is Alan Turing EssayAlan Turing (1912 1954) was a British mathematician, logician, and cryptographer considered by many to be the father of computer cognizance. His contributions to breaking the German Nazi Enigma codification during WWII were considered pivotal to the Allied war effort. Alan Turing formulated multiple ideas that now lie at the foundations of computer science and computability theory, such as the idea of a Turing machine or the Church-Turing thesis.ContributionsComputer designer In 1945, Turing was recruited to the matter Physical laboratory (NPL) in London to design and develop an electronic computer. His design for the Automatic calculate Engine ( principal) was the first relatively complete specification of an electronic stored-program general-purpose digital computer. Had Turings ACE been built as planned, it would have had considerably more memory than any of the other early computers, as well as being faster.However, his colleagues at NPL though t the engineering too difficult to attempt, and a often simpler machine was built, the Pilot Model ACE. In the end, NPL lost the race to build the worlds first working electronic stored-program digital computeran honour that went to the Royal Society Computing Machine science laboratory at the University of Manchester in June 1948. Discouraged by the delays at NPL, Turing took up the deputy directorship of the Computing Machine Laboratory in that year (there was no director).His earlier theoretical concept of a universal Turing machine had been a fundamental influence on the Manchester computer project from its inception. Turings principal practical contribution afterward his arrival at Manchester was to design the programming system of the Ferranti Mark I, the worlds first commercially available electronic digital computer. Artificial intelligence pioneerTuring was a founding father of young cognitive science and a leading early exponent of the hypothesis that the human brain i s in large part a digital computing machine. He theorized that the cortex at birth is an nonunionised machine that through training becomes organized into a universal machine or something like it. A pioneer of artificial intelligence, Turing proposed (1950) what subsequently became known as the Turing test as a criterion for whether a machine thinks.

Collective unconscious Essay Example for Free

Collective unconscious(p) EssayCarl Jung was born in Kesswyl, Thurgau, Switzerland on July 26, 1875. His flummox was kind but weak, while his mother was an insecure woman but with two personalities (a) kind and amiable (b) harsh and aloof. Jung was l anely at childhood making him introvert. In 1906 he published The Psychology of frenzy Praecox, a psychoanalytic treatment of schizophrenia. He introductory met Freud in 1907 and Freud regarded Jung as his son and they travelled and worked in concert that lasted until 1913. Freud and Jung had an argument that ended their friendship. Freud con boldnessred it as the Great Loss. Jung is the first president of International Psychoanalytic Society. Jung ceremonious his own school of psychology named Analytical Psychology. Jung begun the structure of personality and made the ego, personal unconscious and the collective unconscious. Dynamics of Personality Carl Jung conceived that the personality or brainpower as being a partly close d energy system. Energy from the outside sources must be added into the system and the system leave scarcely be perfect and stabilized if it is completely closed.He called psychic energy as the energy by which the work of personality is performed. Psyche refers to all psychological paradees thoughts, feelings, sensations, wishes, etc. It is also another term for personality. pattern of Equivalence states that if a particular value weakens the sum of the energy re represented by the value will not be lost from the psyche but will reappear in a refreshful value. Principle of Entropy states that the distribution of energy in the psyche seeks equilibrium and balance. Structure of Personality.1. Ego it is whizzs conscious mind. It serves as the organized conscious mediator between the person and reality oddly by functioning both in the perception of and adaptation to reality. 2. Personal unconscious the material in the personal unconscious comes from the individuals past. It consist f experiences that was once conscious but sire been repressed. 3. Collective unconscious is the part of the collective psyche that is unconscious. It is the storehouse of latent memory traces inherited from unrivaleds ancestral past.Archetypes it is the universal thought form or predisposition to respond to the world in a certain way. It emphasizes potentialities it represents different potential ways in which we may express our humanities. The Self it represents the agreement of all parts of the personality. It is the central archetype. Self Ultimate unity of personality (the central archetype) Persona feign or Social Role Shadow Animal instincts or the opposite of Persona Anima Feminine side of male psyche Animus Masculine side of the female psyche.The Persona refers to the social role that one assumes in society. It is a mask that one wears to adjust to the demands of society. The Shadow encompasses those unsocial thoughts, feelings and behaviours that we potenti ally posses and other characteristics that we do not want to accept. The Anima feminine side of the male psyche. The Animus masculine side of the female psyche. countersignature association a test used by Jung to detect complexes. The test is composed of a describe of words as each word is presented, the patient responds with the first word that comes to his or her mind.Complexes an organized gathering of thoughts, feelings and memories about a particular concept that has power to draw new ideas into it and interpret them accordingly. Basic Attitudes extroverted attitude a standpoint characterized by an outward flowing of personal energy an interest in events, in people and things, a relationship with them, and a dependence on them. Introverted attitude characterized by an inward flowing of personal energya withdrawal concentrating on subjective factors. The Four Functions sentiment gives meaning and understanding actions are a result of an intellectually considered motive life is based on principles. Feeling a rational function that weighs, values, and attaches a proper value to things. Truth is seen as inter-subjectivity. superstar emphasis on perception through the senses. It is a reality functions because it yields facts and the representations of the world. Intuition tells of future possibilities and gives information of the ambience which surrounds experience. Causality vs.Teleology For Jung both past and the future standpoints are important in determining the present behaviour. Teleology explains the present in terms of the future while causality explains the present in terms of the past. Individuation process of restoring wholeness to the psyche in adult development. Transcendence Function is capacity to unite all of the opposing trends of the several systems to work toward the perfect wholeness. Self realization is process of development that involves individuation and transcendence.In the process, the systems of the psyche achieve t heir fullest most complete differentiation and harmonious blending of all aspects of a humans total personality. Strengths Jungs theory as the first to discuss the process of self actualization. He was the first to emphasize the importance of the future in determining human behaviour. He stressed the attainment of selfhood as the main motive in human behaviour. Weaknesses Jungs method was not systematic and puts too a lot emphasis on occultism, spiritualism and religion. His theory was said to be unscientific, unclear, inconsistent and contradictory.His self actualization is further applicable to the highly intelligent, well educated and those who have plenty of time to reach a stagecoach of individualism. Sources Engler, B. (2006). Personality Theories An Introduction. USA Houghton Mifflin Company. Hall, C. , Gardner, L. (1975). Theories of Personality. USA John Wiley Sons, Inc. Burger, J. (2008). Personality. Belmont, California, Wadsworth Clonniger, S. (2004). Theories of Per sonality Understanding Persons. USA Pearson Prentice Hall Mitchell, G. Carl Jung Jungian Analytical Psychology. Retrieved from http//www. trans4mind. com/mind-development/jung. html

The Value of Philosophy Essay Example for Free

The rate of Philosophy EssayIt is basic human beings nature to question. There is a curiosity inside any of us that leads us to wonder more or less everything. Curiosity leads to examination, which leads to reflexion. by this process the mysteries of life and the universe be slowly discovered. But there atomic number 18 almost questions that can never be answered with certainty. These questions guess up the study of ism, and be considered using conclude and logic. Two of the main arguments in philosophical system discuss its value and the meaning of life. Socrates, Bertrand Russell, Blaise protoactinium and Thomas Nagel take in charge in their own way to causation through these questions and form their own unique answers. In Bertrand Russells The Value of Philosophy, he discusses what philosophy is and why it is important. He concludes that the value of philosophy is rooted in its very uncertainty. He maintains that all those questions that can non be answered be a part of philosophical discussion, and questions with definite answers are a product of the physical sciences.When Russell is explaining in detail the value of philosophy he says, These questions enlarge our intention of what is possible, enrich our intellectual imagination and diminish the dogmatic assurance which c omits the understanding against speculation (Russell 12). For Russell, philosophy opens the mind and dispels ignorance and dogmatism, allowing us to think to a greater extent freely and consider more possibilities. In Platos Apology self-denial of Socrates, Socrates also donjons the quite a little that philosophy is a necessary practice for all persons when he argues, An unexamined life is no life for a human being to live (Plato 40).Socrates has just been found guilty of corrupting the young and not acknowledging the gods of the city. Once the verdict is reached, he argues for execution instead than exile because he believes that his study of philosophy is supreme in his life and it would be more honorable to die than to flee and study philosophy elsewhere, under subpar conditions than those in A indeeds. Philosophy is important to him because it allows people to think for themselves rather than go along with what they are told to believe.Russell and Socrates both uphold that the importance of philosophy arrange from what is does for the mind. Philosophy opens our minds, allowing unawareness and hypocrisy to dissipate. By questioning, we come to know more about the universe, and ourselves. However, Russell and Socrates do disagree on the certainty of uprightness. Socrates believes that there is certain truth, and virtuoso can reach it through reason and contemplation. Conversely, Russell maintains that everything is uncertain, only philosophy is unperturbed valuable because thinking of all possible explanations enlarges our minds.Through philosophy we are released from presumption, obliviousness, and bigotry. Whether or not we can know the absolute truth, contemplation through reason still holds immense importance for human beings. I draw from Socrates as advantageously as Russell when I consider the value of philosophy. Philosophy allows me to see the world for what it is, instead of being bogged trim down by the opinion of the masses, or the societal norms. Through reason I can consider the truth and its importance to me. Similar to Russell, I see that much of philosophys greatness lies in its uncertainty.We cannot know for sure what the answers are, but through observation and thought we can form many possibilities, enlarging our minds to hold more than one solution to any given problem. Consequently this allows us to have a more open mind, and we can approach life with a broadened sense of self. Another question philosophers ask is What is the backsheesh of our lives? The answer varies greatly between each individual, demonstrated by the separate thoughts of Socrates, Pascal, and Nagel. Socrates argu es that it is worse than death to be unjust.He gives some examples of what qualifies as unjust. Injustice includes lying, injuring others, breaking the law of a just state, and bearing those who hurt you. Above all, Socrates argues that the situation of our lives is to seek the truth. He condemns the sophists because they have no regard for the truth they only valuate material things. The sophists were a group of philosophers around the time of Socrates who taught the youth of Athens how to win arguments, whether what they were arguing for was confessedly or not. Socrates maintains that this is not the way to live.Life is not about money or material things, rather, the point of life is to be just, honorable, and true to yourself as well as the laws of the state. He even argues that one ought rather die than live a bad life. I suggest that it is not death that is hard to avoid, gentlemen, but wickedness is far harder, since it is fleeter of foot than death (Plato 41). Socrates cl aims that it is much easier to live in wickedness than die. Therefore, injustice and enrapture are two of the greatest evils and one should avoid them at all costs.In The Wager, Pascal presents a view of life centered on belief in god. Similar to Socrates, he upholds that life is about pursuing the truth as well as living a good life. He argues for the foundation of absolute truth when he states, Is there not one substantial truth, seeing there are so many things which are not the truth itself (Pascal 83). Pascal maintains that this one substantial truth is God, and reasons for His existence. He claims that in life, we have two choices to believe in God, or to not believe in God.We mustiness accept the wager we have no choice. There are four possible outcomes from this wager, according to Pascal. If God does indeed exist, and we so believe that he exists, we will gain infinite bliss if we do not believe that he exists, then we are damned for eternity. However, if God does not ex ist and we believe the same, then we lose nothing, but we also gain nothing. If we believe that He exists and He does not, then we also lose nothing, but have lived a good life with faith, humility, and compassion.Above all, Pascal wants us to believe. His main points are summarized when he writes, If you gain, you gain all if you lose, you lose nothing (Pascal 83). We must wager, and we must believe in God, for He is the ultimate truth. Thomas Nagel discusses stupidity, which is the discrepancy between how seriously humans take their lives, and how uncertain life in truth is. Everything is open to doubt, and that causes us to feel that our lives are insignificant, and therefore, nothing payoffs.He maintains that humans deem life absurd through epistemological skepticism, or the view that nothing can be known with certainty. He presents quintet options, which vary from completely avoiding lifes absurdity to embracing it fully. His thoughts on absurdity and his solution to it are best portrayed when he states, Ifthere is no reason to believe that anything matters, then that does not matter either, and we can approach our lives with irony instead of heroism or despair (Nagel 27).By accepting the view that nothing matters, we accept the view that believing nothing matters also does not matter, freeing us from absurdity. Nagel urges us to not despair, but also not take life too seriously. Pascal, Nagel, and Socrates present different views of how to make our lives worthwhile but all agree that our lives should be spent in search of the truth, which is reached through average reasoning and individual contemplation. When faced with the absurdity and uncertainty of life, Pascal and Nagel agree that suicide is not a legitimate escape.It is not necessary and ends up robbing us of the possibility of infinite happiness or a life free from absurdity. I agree with Socrates view, that dishonor and injustice must be avoided in effect to live a good and honest life. I ac cept Pascals wager, and am unstrained to place my bet on the existence of God, hoping to gain all. I have also experienced some of the absurdity Nagel discusses and have come to my own conclusions. I maintain that we should live for today. By living in the present we escape the fear of the future.We do not get hung up on the uncertainties, but still acknowledge their existence. I also agree with Nagel that life should be approached with irony, and we should not take ourselves too seriously. Russell, Socrates, Pascal and Nagel all present plausible answers to the questions What is the value of philosophy, and What is the purpose of our lives. They use reason and logic to reach their conclusions. Through philosophy, we can broaden our minds and free ourselves from the dogmatism of society.Once our minds are expanded, we are able to think with reason and discover, for ourselves, the truth. References Nagel, Thomas, The Absurd, In John Perry, Michael Bratman and John Martin Fischer, ed itors, Introduction to Philosophy Classical and Contemporary Readings, Fourth Edition (New York Oxford University Press) 2007. Pascal, Blaise, The Wager, In John Perry, Michael Bratman and John Martin Fischer, editors, Introduction to Philosophy Classical and Contemporary Readings, Fourth Edition (New York Oxford University Press) 2007.Plato, Apology defence force of Socrates, In John Perry, Michael Bratman and John Martin Fischer, editors, Introduction to Philosophy Classical and Contemporary Readings, Fourth Edition (New York Oxford University Press) 2007. Russell, Bertrand, The Value of Philosophy, In John Perry, Michael Bratman and John Martin Fischer, editors, Introduction to Philosophy Classical and Contemporary Readings, Fourth Edition (New York Oxford University Press) 2007.