Comparing Oxygen Levels to Heart Rate Recovery and Peak Time

Comparing atomic number 8 Levels to Heart Rate retrieval and billhook TimeResearch QuestionHow do different immersions of type O provided to the respiratory system affect the cheek wander and thus a subjectsathletic capabilities?IntroductionFirstly, it is important to investigate how the carcasss respiratory system functions. The lungs hurl dickens primary functions, releasing carbon dioxide from the body and incorpo gait atomic number 8 into the bloodstream 3. The lungs never r for each one pinnacle capacity and argon not responsible for the limit in group O delivered to the muscles 1. This is important be deliver, in the case of this sample the limitations may be put oned. There is unendingly approximately the same amount of oxygen in the air in relation to e rattlingthing else 21%. stock-stillas altitude increases in that respect is slight air pressure and thus less oxygen uncommitted to the lungs per diaphragm contraction cycle. Instead of changing the baro metric pressure, there lead obviously be less or more oxygen in the air, in this experiment. This may yard an abnormal result as the body responds differently to drastically altered conditions. When the oxygen content of the air is drastically reduced, the blood cater most likely be significantly less satu valuated and when the oxygen content of the air is drastically increased the blood should be more saturated with oxygen 2.It is then necessary to investigate how this cleverness affect the cardiac system. The amount of oxygen that is available to the cells trance they are producing ATPto drive the body is important, because if there is not enough oxygen available for aerobic respiration, thananaerobic respiration will concentrate place. Anaerobic respiration will produce lactate and carbon dioxide. The lactate (lactic acid), triggers a response from the open shopping centreed nervous system1, 2. The noradrenergic sympathetic nervous system produces norepinephrine. The SA node (sinoatrial node), stimulated by the norepinephrine hormone increases twain the rate that the pith beats and the degree to which the center of attention sleep withs a systolic contraction 1,2. In supplement to the sympathetic nervous system, the electric-light bulb senses the increase of carbon dioxide in the blood due to anaerobic respiration. The medulla then sends an electrical signal through the cardiac nerve to the SA node2.A live O2 machine will be apply in order to carry out this experiment. It produces and stores 15% oxygen and 95% oxygen separately. These will be the two submergences of oxygen that will be apply to compare the propagation it takes for touchwood rates to detail and then recover. The independantvariable is the concentration of oxygen. The dependantvariable is the judgment of conviction it takes for the subject to peak and the m it takes for the subject to recover. The experiment will be controlled by regulating the speed at which the tread -wheel is set to. Since the point of this experiment is to compare differencesthe difference in the individuals athletic ability should not withdraw a difference in the data.MaterialsLive O2 MachineOxygen buryTreadmillHeart rate/oxygen volume monitorClorox and paper towelsTimerExperimental OverviewThe Live O2 machine which will be used to create, store and deliver the two different concentrations of oxygen is comprised of an oxygen machine, storage bag with two compartments, a delivery system with a mask and a switch to change which concentration of oxygen is being delivered.The picture above, depicting the liveO2 system is the one that was used, except a treadmill was usedinstead of a stationary bike as is depicted. The test subjects heart rate peak measure and recuperation time were first tested with the increased level of oxygen, they were then given a full point of rest while another subject ran on the treadmill. Then, after the period of rest the subject would electric arc on the treadmill again and their peak and recuperation times would be measured with the restricted levels of oxygen. The scepter for the heart rate peaking was 140 bpm. The threshold for recovered was when the heart rate of the subject was within 10 of their original resting heart rate. For example, if the test subjects resting heart rate was 65 bpm, they would be considered recovered when their heart rate dropped back be first 75.ProcedureStep 1First 8willing people were found, who were athletically plump enough that there would not be all damage to their body through the test. Then the 8people were instructed not to drink any sort of caffeine or any other stimulating before the experiment. The mask of the liveO2 machine was cleaned with cloroxand the oxygen machine was turned on to fill up the two individual bags.Step 2Then the resting heart rate of the subject was taken with the heart rate monitor. Ten was added to the resting number to determine the threshold that the heart rate must reach during recovery to determine whether or not the subject has recovered. The heart rate monitor was left on the subjects finger to monitor their heart rate, Thenthe oxygen was set to the 95% setting and the treadmill was set to 5 miles per hour. Then, once the subject was at 5 miles per hour the time obligeer was started and the subject was instructedto hold the mask to their face. The timer was stopped once the subjects heart rate reached 140 bpm. Then the treadmill was stopped and the subject was instructed to keep the mask on. Then the time it took for their heart rate to return to the predetermined resting rate was measured.Step 3The first subject was then given rest while subject 2 performed step 2. at one time subject 2 was done with step 2, subject 1 repeated step 2 with 15% oxygen instead of 95% oxygen followed again by subject 2. The mask was cleaned with cloroxbetween each subject.Step 4Steps 1-3 were repeated with the remained of the test subjects an d the data was recorded in a tabulate within the lab book.Safety considerationsSince this lab works with the human body and measuring its responses to what could be considered backbreaking situations, there must be precautions taken. Firstly, all of the subjects that were tested, were either in good or exceptional somatogenic condition and had no preexisting wellness complications that would endanger them during the experiment. To further image that there was no corporal harm done to the subjects, the subjects vividness was constantly monitored with the heart rate/oxygen saturation monitor. If at any point during the 15% oxygen test the saturation dipped too low (below 85% saturation) and remained there for more than a couple seconds then the 95% oxygen would immediately been switched on and that round of testing would be terminated and the subject time to rest. The mask that was being used was in like manner constantly cleaned with cloroxto impede the spreading of germs.Ana lysisQualitative variablesThe two main variables that may have affected the data were the heart rate monitor and the oxygen mask. The fact that the subject had to hold the monitor on their finger and the mask while hightail itning made the heart rate monitor slightly inaccurate and sometimes would simply not take readings. It only worked when the subject was holding onto it and this disrupted their normal pitchning patterns. Some subjects also had trouble holding the mask to their face with enough force to hold a seal while running. This may have let some of the natural air into the mask. Holding the mask also subdue the subjects natural running pattern. The fact that the subjects natural running pattern was inhibited made it harder for them to keep a normal running pace even with the treadmill set at a constant 5 miles per hour. Having to control all of these things at once may have also added to the strain on the subjects body, which could have affected the results. Then finall y, there is also the fact that everyone that was being tested was different in their biologic makeup and therefore will respond slightly differently to the two concentrations of oxygen.DataComplete solar apex and Recovery times (in seconds)run95% Oxygen Peak times (s)95% Oxygen Recovery time (s)15% Oxygen Peak times (s)15% Oxygen Recovery time (s)118745621852180565210232006440188418169397351537136123610852602017181215613381446127177This table displays each run and the times in seconds associated with it. The runs where the higher(prenominal) concentration of oxygen (95%) was used are displayed first, on the left. The runs where the lower concentration of oxygen (15%) was used are displayed second, on the right. The peak times (the time it takes for the subjects heart rate to reach 140 bpm from resting) are displayed in the 2nd and 4th column and the recovery times (the time it takes for a subjects heart rate to go from 140 bpm back to within 10 of resting) are displayed in the 3rd and 5th column.This bar graph displays the average recovery times and peak times for the two different levels of oxygen concentration. The recovery times are listed at the top and the peak times are listed at the bottom.Average Difference in Peak and Recovery time in secondsPeak time (s)Recovery time (s)Difference120.2592.875This table displays the difference between the average peak time of the 95% and 15% oxygen concentration. As well as the difference between the average recovery time of the 95% oxygen and the 15% oxygen concentrations.EvaluationConclusion of resultsThere is a wrap up difference between the times for the two different concentration of oxygen. When the subject was administered 95% oxygen their peak times took an average of 166.75 seconds, while when the average peak time when only 15% oxygen concentration was administered was 46.5 seconds. This is a difference of 120.25 seconds, so clearly when a subject is administered more oxygen it provides more oxygen for th e system, this allows the body to freeze out of anaerobic respiration longer and thus allows the heart to beat dilatory for a greater amount of time.The difference seen in recovery times was also significant. On average, with the higher 95% oxygen concentration the subjects recovered around 54.875 seconds. However when the subjects were administered the lower concentration of oxygen the recovery times took much longer, averaging out at 147.75 seconds. The difference was 92.875 seconds. This occurred because when the body was already deprived of oxygen and the saturation was low there was a large amount of carbon dioxide and lactic acid build up from anaerobic respiration. Then, after the subject stopped running, the low oxygen concentration most likely caused the subjects to stay in anaerobic respiration as the body tried to oxygenate the tissue. With the higher concentration of oxygen, the subjects body was able to quickly oxygenate the tissue and return the body to complete or n ear complete aerobic respiration. This would have stopped the build up of lactic acid and carbon dioxide and allowed the body to tear down the two out of its system. Once the lactic acid and carbon dioxide has either been absorbed or in the case of carbon dioxide, exited the lungs, the heart rate would return to resting.Therefore, the results matched what should have happened according to previous scientific research, outline in the introduction.How the lab could be improved and extendedThe first thing that would be helpful would be to use a more accurate heart rate monitor. Most likely the best dissolver would be a heart rate monitor that could be taped to the finger being used in unison with a chest heart rate monitor. Using both of these simultaneously would ensure the best and most consistent results. In addition it would remove the responsibility from the subject of holding onto the heart rate monitor.Another issues that could be easily solved is the oxygen mask. The straps that were provided with the mask fell off very easily during running. As a result the subjects had to hold the mask to their face as they ran. This hindered their ability to run smoothly and did not guarantee a complete seal around the face. Next time a full head cap could be used to ensure that a seal was maintained and would allow the subject to run normally.To further extend this experiment saturation rates could also be compared to heart rate and oxygen concentration. When the subjects were perform the test their saturation rates were monitored for safety reasons but not recorded. If the saturation rates could be recorded throughout the test at specific points along with the heart rate it would be interesting to look into how the saturation rates are correlated with the heart when very low and very high concentrations of oxygen are being administered to the subject.Works CitedBurton, Deborah Anne, FRCA, Keith Stokes, BSc PhD, and George M. Hall, MBBS PhD DSc FRCA. Physiological Effects of Exercise. Continuing educational activity in Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain. Oxford Journals, n.d. Web. 10 May 2016.Damon, Alan, Randy McGonegal, Patricia Tosto, and William Ward. Higher Level Biology. N.p. n.p., n.d. Print.How Your Lungs Work. How Your Lungs Work. Cleveland Clinic, 13 Oct. 2010. Web. 13 May 2016.AppendixRelease formsI, Jonas Kaare-Rasmussen apprehend that the experiment I am mixed in and the tasks that I am performing, could be unplayful for my health. I assume all liability for my actions and represent that slight Oxygen privation may cause health problems.Electronically signed by Jonas Kaare-RasmussenI, Jack Larsen visualise that the experiment I am involved in and the tasks that I am performing could be flagitious for my health. I assume all liability for my actions and understand that slight Oxygen deprivation may cause health problems.Electronically signed by Jack LarsenI, Danielle Zimber understand that the experiment I am involved in and the tasks that I am performing could be dangerous for my health. I assume all liability for my actions and understand that slight Oxygen deprivation may cause health problems.Electronically signed by Danielle ZimberI, Hailey Zimber understand that the experiment I am involved in and the tasks that I am performing could be dangerous for my health. I assume all liability for my actions and understand that slight Oxygen deprivation may cause health complications.Electronically signed by Hailey ZimberI, Alex Kellam understand that the experiment I am involved in and the tasks that I am performing could be dangerous for my health. I assume all liability for my actions and understand that slight Oxygen deprivation may cause health problems.Electronically signed by Alex KellamI, Taso Warsa understand that the experiment I am involved in and the tasks that I am performing could be dangerous for my health. I assume all liability for my actions and understand that slight Oxygen deprivati on may cause health problems.Electronically signed by Taso WarsaI, Ben Voter understand that the experiment I am involved in and the tasks that I am performing could be dangerous for my health. I assume all liability for my actions and understand that slight Oxygen deprivation may cause health problems.Electronically signed by Ben VoterI, Alex Alsop understand that the experiment I am involved in and the tasks that I am performing could be dangerous for my health. I assume all liability for my actions and understand that slight Oxygen deprivation may cause health problems.Electronically signed by Alex Alsop